Age differences and similarities in the improvement of controlled search.
Age differences and similarities in the improvement of controlled search.
复制标题
受控搜索改进中的年龄差异和相似性。
DOI：
10.1080/03610738208258403
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Madden,DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madden,DJ
此前曾报道过，在需要受控搜索（一种需要注意力的刺激比较程序）的任务中，表现会因年龄而下降。相比之下，老年人通过开发自动检测（一种不依赖于注意力控制的比较程序）来提高搜索性能的能力与年轻人相似。目前的实验检验了年轻人和老年人在旨在改变搜索注意力需求但阻止使用自动检测的条件下提高受控搜索性能的能力。在纯记忆搜索任务（实验 1）和混合记忆搜索/视觉搜索任务（实验 2）中，老年受试者的总体搜索速度比年轻人慢。然而，这两个年龄组在使用熟悉的刺激维度（例如字母/数字）作为提高受控搜索率的手段的能力上是相似的。因此，减少搜索任务的注意力需求的机会，而不是使用自动检测本身，似乎是确定老年人表现水平的关键变量。
An age-related slowing of performance has been previously reported for tasks that requirecontrolled search, an attention-demanding stimulus comparison procedure. In contrast, older adults have been found to resemble the young in the ability to improve search performance through the development ofautomatic detection, a comparison procedure that does not depend on attentional control. The present experiments examined the ability of young and older adults to improve controlled search performance under conditions designed to vary the attentional demands of search, but prevent the use of automatic detection. In both a pure memory-search task (Experiment 1) and a hybrid memory-search/ visual-search task (Experiment 2), the overall rate of search was slower for the older subjects than for the young. The two age groups were similar, however, in their ability to use a familiar stimulus dimension (e.g., letter/digit) as a means of improving the rate of controlled search. The opportunity for reducing the attentional demands of the search task, rather than the use of automatic detection per se, thus appears to be a critical variable in determining older individuals' level of performance.