Emissions variation in urban areas resulting from the introduction of natural gas vehicles: application to Barcelona and Madrid greater areas (Spain).
Emissions variation in urban areas resulting from the introduction of natural gas vehicles: application to Barcelona and Madrid greater areas (Spain).
复制标题
引入天然气汽车导致城市地区的排放变化：适用于巴塞罗那和马德里大区（西班牙）。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.039
复制
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
J. Baldasano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Gonçalves;P. Jiménez‐Guerrero;J. Baldasano
道路交通是城市地区污染物排放的主要来源。目前正在测试不同的减排战略，以改善城市空气质量（例如，欧洲联盟委员会目前正在推广使用天然气作为替代燃料）。采用爱马仕排放模型，研究了西班牙两个主要城市（巴塞罗那和马德里）引进天然气汽车（NGV）的几种可行方案。最合适的排放因子，天然气汽车中选择的那些在文献中。在2004年典型的夏季污染日估计的基本情况下的排放量的帐户反映，在巴塞罗那86%的主要污染物来自道路交通相比，在马德里的93%，因为在前者较重的工业活动。在城市地区引入天然气汽车将对排放产生积极影响，其程度在很大程度上取决于替代车队和大城市的特点。在马德里，氮氧化物排放量的最大减少归因于10%的最旧柴油和汽油汽车的替代，而在巴塞罗那，50%的最旧商用轻型车辆的变化变得更加有效。采用天然气汽车替代最旧的商用轻型汽车可以显著降低PM2.5和SO2排放。天然气对传统燃料的替代必须达到4%左右，才能显著减少交通排放（大于5%）。这项工作侧重于空气质量问题，因此不包括温室气体排放，但决策者必须考虑这种相关影响。评估环境改善战略的效力需要现实地设计排放情景及其评价。详细的排放账户为空气质量模型及其情景之间的比较提供了基本基础。
On-road traffic is the major contributor to pollutant emissions in urban areas. Nowadays different emission abatement strategies are being tested in order to improve urban air quality (e.g. the European Commission currently promotes the use of natural gas as an alternative fuel). Several feasible scenarios regarding the introduction of natural gas vehicles (NGV) are studied in the two main cities of Spain (Barcelona and Madrid) by using the HERMES emission model. The most suitable emission factors to NGV are selected among those available in the literature. The account of emissions in the base case scenario estimated for a typical summertime polluted day of the year 2004 reflects that in Barcelona 86% of primary pollutants come from on-road traffic compared to 93% in Madrid, because of the heavier industrial activity in the former. The introduction of NGV in urban zones would have a positive effect on emissions, whose extent largely depends on the substituted fleets and the conurbation characteristics. Maximum reductions in NOxemissions in Madrid are attributed to the substitution of 10% of the oldest diesel and petrol cars, while in Barcelona the change of 50% of the oldest commercial light vehicles becomes more effective. PM2.5and SO2emissions can be significatively reduced with the introduction of NGV instead of the oldest commercial light vehicles. The substitution of conventional fuels by natural gas must reach around 4% to achieve significative reductions in traffic emissions (larger than 5%). This work focuses on air quality issues, therefore GHG emissions are not included, nevertheless this kind of associated impact has to be considered by the decision makers. Assessing the efficacy of environmental improvement strategies entails a realistic design of emission scenarios and their evaluation. The detailed emission account provides a fundamental basis for the air quality modelling and its comparison among scenarios.