Perceptual mechanism underlying gaze guidance in chimpanzees and humans
Perceptual mechanism underlying gaze guidance in chimpanzees and humans
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-010-0372-3
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tomonaga, Masaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kano, Fumihiro;Tomonaga, Masaki
先前的研究比较了人类和他们的近亲黑猩猩之间的眼球运动，揭示了物种之间的相似性和差异，即个体在自由观看自然场景时注视的地方，包括社会刺激（例如身体和面部）。然而，这些结果在某种程度上受到注视行为受低水平刺激属性（例如，颜色和形式）和高层次的过程，如社会敏感性和有关场景的知识。鉴于黑猩猩和人类之间已知的感知和认知相似性，预计这种低水平的影响在解释物种之间的高水平相似性和差异方面不会发挥关键作用。然而，没有定量证据支持这一假设。为了估计局部刺激显着性对这种眼动模式的影响，本研究使用了一个成熟的自下而上的显着性模型。此外，为了阐明观众用来引导他们的目光的线索，我们展示了我们操纵各种刺激属性的场景。正如预期的那样，显着性模型并没有完全预测在黑猩猩和人类中实际观察到的固定模式。此外，这两个物种都使用多种线索来固定社会重要领域，如面部。没有证据表明黑猩猩和人类对低水平显着性的反应有任何差异。因此，这项研究发现了黑猩猩和人类注视引导的感知机制的大量相似性，从而为它们之间的直接比较提供了基础。
Previous studies comparing eye movements between humans and their closest relatives, chimpanzees, have revealed similarities and differences between the species in terms of where individuals fixate their gaze during free viewing of a naturalistic scene, including social stimuli (e.g. body and face). However, those results were somewhat confounded by the fact that gaze behavior is influenced by low-level stimulus properties (e.g., color and form) and by high-level processes such as social sensitivity and knowledge about the scene. Given the known perceptual and cognitive similarities between chimpanzees and humans, it is expected that such low-level effects do not play a critical role in explaining the high-level similarities and differences between the species. However, there is no quantitative evidence to support this assumption. To estimate the effect of local stimulus saliency on such eye-movement patterns, this study used a well-established bottom-up saliency model. In addition, to elucidate the cues that the viewers use to guide their gaze, we presented scenes in which we had manipulated various stimulus properties. As expected, the saliency model did not fully predict the fixation patterns actually observed in chimpanzees and humans. In addition, both species used multiple cues to fixate socially significant areas such as the face. There was no evidence suggesting any differences between chimpanzees and humans in their responses to low-level saliency. Therefore, this study found a substantial amount of similarity in the perceptual mechanisms underlying gaze guidance in chimpanzees and humans and thereby offers a foundation for direct comparisons between them.