Livestock grazing behavior and inter- versus intraspecific disease risk via the fecal–oral route
Livestock grazing behavior and inter- versus intraspecific disease risk via the fecal–oral route
复制标题
牲畜放牧行为以及通过粪口途径的种间与种内疾病风险
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arn143
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
M. R. Hutchings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Smith;P. White;G. Marion;M. R. Hutchings
牲畜食草动物在放牧期间有接触牲畜和野生哺乳动物粪便中的寄生虫/病原体的风险。牲畜对寄生虫/病原体的暴露将取决于放牧牲畜和宿主动物（牲畜和野生哺乳动物）粪便之间在叮咬规模上的行为接触过程。本文通过两个放牧试验，研究了不同种类和不同排便方式的粪便对牛放牧反应的影响。在实验1中，有4个地块，每个4个重复的5个补丁处理不同的粪便污染（240 g/m-super-2的欧亚獾粪便，牛粪便，休闲鹿粪便，欧亚兔粪便，和未污染的控制补丁）。在试验2中，有3个处理模式的獾粪便污染（1-m-super-2圆形补丁污染960克獾粪便; 2个1-m-super-2圆形补丁，每个污染480克獾粪便;和4个1-m-super-2圆形补丁，每个污染240克獾粪便），每个处理分为2个小区。牛的放牧反应是通过测量每个处理斑块的草地消耗来确定的。在实验1中，牛放牧控制和兔粪便污染的斑块最多，而獾污染的斑块放牧最少。在实验2中，牛放牧的治疗与最大数量的粪便污染的补丁。我们得出结论，牛不同的放牧反应，粪便从不同的宿主物种和粪便在不同的空间格局。量化这些行为的反应，粪便是一个关键的步骤，量化感染风险的食草动物通过粪便-口腔途径在放牧系统。版权所有2009年，牛津大学出版社。
Livestock herbivores are at risk of parasite/pathogen exposure from livestock and wild mammal feces during grazing. Livestock exposure to parasites/pathogens will be dependent on the behavioral contact processes between grazing livestock and host animal (both livestock and wild mammal) feces at the bite scale. Here we use 2 grazing experiments to determine the affect of feces from different species and in different defecation patterns on the grazing response of cattle. In experiment 1, there were 4 plots, each with 4 replicates of 5 patch treatments of different fecal contamination (240 g/m-super-2 of Eurasian badger feces, cattle feces, fallow deer feces, Eurasian rabbit feces, and noncontaminated control patches). In experiment 2, there were 3 treatment patterns of badger fecal contamination (one 1-m-super-2 circular patch contaminated with 960 g of badger feces; two 1-m-super-2 circular patches each contaminated with 480 g of badger feces; and four 1-m-super-2 circular patches each contaminated with 240 g of badger feces), divided into 2 plots per treatment. The cattle's grazing response was determined by measuring sward depletion at each of the treatment patches. In experiment 1, cattle-grazed control and rabbit fecal--contaminated patches the most, whereas badger-contaminated patches were grazed the least. In experiment 2, cattle grazed the treatment with the greatest number of fecal-contaminated patches the most. We conclude that cattle vary their grazing response to feces from different host species and to feces in different spatial patterns. Quantifying these behavioral responses to feces is a key step toward quantifying infection risk to herbivores via the fecal--oral route in grazing systems. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.