Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention
Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1417.002
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dinges, David F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lim, Julian;Dinges, David F.
睡眠不足严重损害了人类及时应对刺激的能力。这些缺陷在很大程度上归因于警惕性注意力的失败，许多理论家认为注意力是其他更复杂的认知组成部分的基石。用于检测警惕性注意力的主要范例之一是精神运动警惕性测试（PVT），这是一种对睡眠剥夺极其敏感的高信号负载反应时间测试。在过去的二十年里，通过使用这种范式，出现了四个主要发现。首先，睡眠不足会导致反应整体减慢。其次，睡眠不足会增加个人长时间（> 500 毫秒）昏迷以及犯错误的倾向。第三，睡眠不足会增强每次测试中的完成任务时间效果。最后，长时间清醒期间的 PVT 结果揭示了昼夜节律和稳态睡眠驱动相互作用的存在。将这些发现联系起来的一个主题是“自上而下”和“自下而上”注意力在产生不稳定和不可预测的行为模式中的相互作用，这是睡眠剥夺状态的标志。
Sleep deprivation severely compromises the ability of human beings to respond to stimuli in a timely fashion. These deficits have been attributed in large part to failures of vigilant attention, which many theorists believe forms the bedrock of the other more complex components of cognition. One of the leading paradigms used as an assay of vigilant attention is the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), a high signal-load reaction-time test that is extremely sensitive to sleep deprivation. Over the last twenty years, four dominant findings have emerged from the use of this paradigm. First, sleep deprivation results in an overall slowing of responses. Second, sleep deprivation increases the propensity of individuals to lapse for lengthy periods (>500 ms), as well as make errors of commission. Third, sleep deprivation enhances the time-on-task effect within each test bout. Finally, PVT results during extended periods of wakefulness reveal the presence of interacting circadian and homeostatic sleep drives. A theme that links these findings is the interplay of "top-down" and "bottom-up" attention in producing the unstable and unpredictable patterns of behavior that are the hallmark of the sleep-deprived state.