Skin exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates in the auto body repair and refinishing industry: a qualitative assessment.
Skin exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates in the auto body repair and refinishing industry: a qualitative assessment.
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汽车车身修复和修补行业中皮肤接触脂肪族多异氰酸酯：定性评估。
DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mem021
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Redlich,CarrieA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu,Youcheng;Bello,Dhimiter;Sparer,JudyA;Stowe,MeredithH;Gore,RebeccaJ;Woskie,SusanR;Cullen,MarkR;Redlich,CarrieA
目的：虽然呼吸道暴露一直是异氰酸酯的主要问题，但皮肤暴露也可能发生，并可能导致致敏和哮喘。评估工作场所异氰酸酯皮肤暴露的方法有限，皮肤暴露数据稀缺。本研究的目的是：(1)以定量方法评价和验证异氰酸酯比色指标；(2)评估汽车车身车间工人异氰酸酯表面污染和皮肤暴露的程度；(3)评估异氰酸酯皮肤暴露的决定因素。方法：采用实验室配对抽样方法，将比色指标与美国国家职业安全与健康研究所方法5525建立的高效液相色谱定量分析方法进行比较。作为流行病学研究的一部分，随后使用比色指示器评估了35家汽车车身车间和124名工人的表面污染和皮肤暴露于脂肪族异氰酸酯的情况。计算了不同表面、不同部位和不同任务的阳性抽样率。色度指示器的颜色强度在0(黄色)到5(深红色)的范围内评级。结果：实验室和现场评价均验证了比色指示剂的使用。异氰酸酯表面阳性样品的比率为46%(n= 145/313)。未保护皮肤和乳胶手套下皮肤的阳性率分别为34%(73/2 16)和2 0%(n= 2 2/1 1)。在皮肤样本上观察到的阳性率在涂料混合和喷洒任务后达到最高。这些比色指示剂对异氰酸酯有很高的特异性，但与更灵敏的高效液相定量分析相比，会出现假阴性。表面污染的存在和油漆相关任务的执行是异氰酸酯皮肤暴露的主要决定因素。结论：本研究记录了汽车车身车间工人在油漆和调漆任务中广泛的表面污染和皮肤暴露，包括手套下的脂肪族多异氰酸酯。喷漆过程中受污染的表面和气溶胶沉积都可能导致皮肤暴露。比色指示器是一种快速、实用、低成本但不是高度敏感的工业卫生工具，用于检测异氰酸酯表面污染和使用含异氰酸酯产品后的皮肤暴露。
Objectives: Although respiratory exposures have been the primary concern with isocyanates, skin exposure also can occur and may contribute to sensitization and asthma. Methodologies to assess isocyanate skin exposure in the workplace are limited and skin exposure data scarce. The goals of this study were (i) to evaluate and validate the isocyanate colorimetric indicators against a quantitative assay, (ii) to evaluate the extent of isocyanate surface contamination and skin exposure among auto body shop workers and (iii) to evaluate isocyanate skin exposure determinants.Methods: The colorimetric indicators were compared with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitative assay based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 5525 using paired laboratory sampling. The colorimetric indicators were then used to assess surface contamination and skin exposure to aliphatic isocyanates in 35 auto body shops and 124 workers as part of an epidemiologic study. The positive sample rate was calculated for various surfaces, body parts and tasks. The color intensity of the colorimetric indicators was rated on a scale 0 (yellow color) to 5 (deep red). Side-by-side comparisons of the qualitative method with the quantitative HPLC assay were also performed in the field using paired samples.Results: Laboratory and field evaluation validated use of the colorimetric indicators. The rate of positive surface samples for isocyanates was 46% (n= 145/313). Thirty-four percent (73/216) of samples were positive for unprotected skin and 20% (n= 22/111) for skin under latex gloves. The highest positive rate observed on skin samples was obtained after paint mixing and spraying tasks. The colorimetric indicators were highly specific for isocyanates, but false negatives occurred when compared with the more sensitive HPLC quantitative assay. The presence of surface contamination and the performance of paint-related tasks were the major determinants of isocyanate skin exposure.Conclusions: This study documents extensive surface contamination and skin exposure, including under gloves, to aliphatic polyisocyanates during painting and paint mixing tasks in auto body shop workers. Contaminated surfaces and aerosol deposition during spray painting may both contribute to skin exposure. The colorimetric indicator is a quick, practical and low-cost, but not highly sensitive, industrial hygiene tool to detect isocyanate surface contamination and skin exposures following the use of isocyanate-containing products.