Smoking in movies in 2000 exceeded rates in the 1960s.
Smoking in movies in 2000 exceeded rates in the 1960s.
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2000 年电影中的吸烟率超过了 20 世纪 60 年代。
DOI：
10.1136/tc.10.4.397b
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Glantz,SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kacirk,K;Glantz,SA
编辑：Bialous和Yach1在其最近发表于《烟草控制》的文章中制造了这样一种印象，即烟草业通过控制CORESTA（烟草科学研究合作中心）对国际标准化组织施加影响，单方面将机器吸烟的国际标准强加给吸烟公众。他们还声称，除其他外，烟草业(1)通过CORESTA改变了方法，以生产更低的烟雾产量值，以绕过欧洲“焦油”上限指令；(2)通过开发低“焦油”香烟来欺骗吸烟机器，误导公众，然后对这些香烟做出不合理的健康声明。（“标准”是包含技术规范或简明标准的文件化协议，将始终如一地用作规则指南。）在他们的文章中，Bialous和Yach1主要集中在烟草公司内部文件中一些高度选择性的引用。他们似乎并没有参考大量关于这个问题的科学文献。当考虑到这些信息时，很明显，Bialous和Yach的分析非常狭窄和有限的文献基础导致他们在这个主题的许多方面犯了事实错误，得出了错误的结论，并写出了不准确的陈述。对有关这一主题的已发表文献的回顾清楚地表明，基本事实如下：(1)与机器吸烟有关的技术在整个20世纪得到了发展和改进。第一个标准是由美国联邦政府机构联邦贸易委员会（FTC）于1966年制定的，并于1967年首次用于检测香烟。CORESTA推荐的方法在许多方面与FTC的方法相似，是在FTC标准之后开发的，并于1969年发布。5
EDITOR—In their recent article in Tobacco Control Bialous and Yach1 create the impression that international standards for the machine smoking of cigarettes were foisted on the smoking public unilaterally by the tobacco industry by its influence on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) through control of CORESTA (Centre de Co-operation pour les Recherches Scientifiques au Tabac). They also allege, inter alia, that the tobacco industry (1) has, through CORESTA, changed the methodology in order to produce lower smoke yield values to get round the European “tar” ceiling directives, and (2) misleads the public by developing low “tar” cigarettes to cheat the smoking machine, and then makes unjustified health claims about them.(“Standards” are documented agreements containing technical specifications or concise criteria to be used consistently as rules guidelines.) In their article, Bialous and Yach1 concentrated predominantly on a few highly selective quotes from internal tobacco company documents. They appear not to have consulted much of the very large volume of scientific literature published on the subject. When this information is taken into account it becomes obvious that the very narrow and restricted literature base of Bialous and Yach’s analysis has resulted in them making factual errors, drawing wrong conclusions and writing inaccurate statements on many aspects of the subject. A review of the published literature on the subject shows clearly that the broad facts are as follows:(1) Techniques relevant to the machine smoking of cigarettes were developed and refined throughout the 20th century. 2 3 The first standard was specified by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), a US federal government agency, in 1966 and first used to test cigarettes in 1967. 4 The CORESTA recommended method, similar in many respects to that of the FTC, was developed after the FTC standard and was published in 1969. 5