(1)H NMR based metabolomics approach to study the toxic effects of herbicide butachlor on goldfish (Carassius auratus).
(1)H NMR based metabolomics approach to study the toxic effects of herbicide butachlor on goldfish (Carassius auratus).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.020
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Hua-Dong Xu;Junsong Wang;Ming-hui Li;Yan Liu;Ting Chen;Ai-Qun Jia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hua-Dong Xu;Junsong Wang;Ming-hui Li;Yan Liu;Ting Chen;Ai-Qun Jia
丁草胺是农业上使用最广泛的除草剂之一，据报道对水生植物和动物具有高生态毒性。本研究首次采用基于1H NMR的代谢组学方法，结合组织病理学和生化分析，全面研究了丁草胺对金鱼（Carassius auratus）鳃、脑、肝和肾4个重要器官的毒性效应。以3.2和0.64 μmol/L丁草胺染毒10 d后，采集鱼的鳃、脑、肝、肾组织和血清。组织学检查显示鳃丝严重受损，肝、肾细胞水肿明显。鳃中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和四种组织中甲烷二甲醛（MDA）水平的升高反映了中毒金鱼抗氧化系统的紊乱。丁草胺染毒组血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和肌酐（CRE）水平均升高，提示丁草胺对肝脏和肾脏有损伤作用。正交信号校正偏最小二乘判别分析（OSC-PLS-DA）揭示了丁草胺对金鱼的毒性效应，包括氧化应激、能量代谢和氨基酸代谢紊乱以及神经递质平衡紊乱。这种综合代谢组学方法为丁草胺的毒性提供了分子基础，并证明代谢组学是一种强大而高效的方法来阐明除草剂和农药的毒性和潜在机制，适用于其风险评估。
Butachlor, one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture, has been reported with high ecotoxicity to aquatic plants and animals. In this study, a1H NMR based metabolomics approach combined with histopathological examination and biochemical assays was applied to comprehensively investigate the toxic effects of butachlor on four important organs (gill, brain, liver and kidney) of goldfish (Carassius auratus) for the first time. After 10 days’ butachlor exposure at two dosages of 3.2 and 0.64 μmol/L, fish tissues (gill, brain, liver and kidney) and serum were collected. Histopathological inspection revealed severe impairment of gill filaments and obvious cellular edema in livers and kidneys. The increase of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in gill and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level in four tissues reflected the disturbance of antioxidative system in the intoxicated goldfish. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and creatinine (CRE) level were increased in butachlor exposure groups, suggesting liver and kidney injuries induced by butachlor. Orthogonal signal correction partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) of NMR profiles disclosed metabolic changes that were related to the toxic effects of butachlor including oxidative stress, disorder of energy metabolism and amino acids metabolism, and disturbance of neurotransmitter balance in butachlor exposed goldfish. This integrated metabolomics approach provided a molecular basis underlying the toxicity of butachlor and demonstrated that metabolomics was a powerful and highly effective approach to elucidate the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of herbicides and pesticides, applicable for their risk assessment.