Measuring the 'obesogenic' food environment in New Zealand primary schools
Measuring the 'obesogenic' food environment in New Zealand primary schools
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DOI：
10.1093/heapro/dah103
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Swinburn, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, MA;Swinburn, B
在新西兰和许多其他国家，儿童肥胖是一个日益严重的健康问题。需要信息来指导减少学校环境中“肥胖”(促进肥胖)因素的干预措施。这项研究的目的是确定和测量学校环境和食堂销售的高能量食品和饮料的肥胖因素。为评估每所学校的营养环境，制定了一份自我完成问卷，并将其邮寄给新西兰学校的分层随机抽样。对200名小学生的回答进行分析，应答率为61%。只有15.5%的学校有专门建造的食堂设施，超过一半的学校经营餐饮服务是为了盈利(31%的利润来自学校，24.5%的利润来自承包商)。只有16.5%的学校有食物政策，尽管91%的学校认为这项政策有效或非常有效。最常见的出售食品是馅饼(79%)、果汁(57%)和香肠卷(54.5%)。馅饼卷是最贵的(平均1.79美元)，水果最便宜(平均0.47美元)。“不太健康”和“更健康”的主要选择比例为5.6：1，零食和饮料的比例分别为9.3：1和1.4：1。相比之下，近60%的受访者表示营养是学校的优先事项。只有50%的人认为健康食品的选择得到了管理层的支持，只有39%的人同意食品服务机构提供的主要是营养食品。“不太健康”的选择以超过2：1的比例主宰了食品销售，其中馅饼是最畅销的商品(每周有55000英镑)。我们发现，新西兰学校的食物环境不利于孩子们选择健康的食物，这反映在学校食物服务机构相对不健康的食物的高销量上。迫切需要通过政策、可获得性、价格和校风来改善学校食物的方案。
Childhood obesity is an increasing health problem in New Zealand and many other countries. Information is needed to guide interventions that reduce the 'obesogenic' (obesity-promoting) elements of school environments. The aim of this study was to identify and measure the obesogenic elements of the school environment and the canteen sales of energy-dense foods and drinks. A self-completion questionnaire was developed for assessing each school's nutrition environment and mailed to a stratified random sample of New Zealand schools. The responses from primary schools (n = 200, response rate 61%) were analysed. Only 15.5% of schools had purpose-built canteen facilities and over half ran a food service for profit (31% profit to the school, 24.5% profit for the contractors). Only 16.5% of schools had a food policy, although 91% of those rated the policy as effective or very effective. The most commonly available foods for sale were pies (79%), juice (57%) and sausage rolls (54.5%). Filled rolls were the most expensive item (mean $1.79) and fruit the least expensive (mean $0.47). The ratio of 'less healthy' to 'more healthy' main choices was 5.6:1, for snacks it was 9.3:1 and for drinks it was 1.4:1. In contrast, similar to60% of respondents said that nutrition was a priority for the school. Only 50% felt there was management support for healthy food choices and only 39% agreed that mainly nutritious food was offered by the food service. 'Less healthy' choices dominated food sales by more than 2:1, with pies being the top selling item (>55 000 per week). We found that the food environment was not conducive to healthy food choices for the children at New Zealand schools and that this was reflected in the high sales of relatively unhealthy foods from the school food services. Programmes that improve school food through policies, availability, prices and school ethos are urgently needed.