Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts
Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts
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DOI：
10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Stoneking, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pakendorf, Brigitte;Novgorodov, Innokentij N.;Stoneking, Mark
雅库特人(又称萨哈)，讲突厥语的牛和马饲养者，居住在西伯利亚中部和东北部的一片广阔领土上。根据考古、人种学和语言证据，他们被假定在公元13世纪至15世纪期间，在蒙古扩张的压力下，从南西伯利亚贝加尔湖附近的原始定居区向北迁徙。在最初的迁徙和随后的扩张期间，雅库特人的祖先在最初由通古斯语和乌拉尔语的驯鹿牧民和猎人占领的领土上定居。在本文中，我们使用线粒体DNA和Y染色体分析来阐明雅库特人的迁徙和扩张是伴随着与他们新定居地区的土著居民的混血，还是雅库特人在没有通婚的情况下取代了原来的居民。MtDNA结果显示，雅库特人与中亚和西伯利亚南部群体有非常密切的亲缘关系，这证实了他们的南方血统。没有确凿证据表明与土著人口混杂，尽管仅凭线粒体DNA数据不能排除少量混血。Y染色体的结果证实了先前的发现，即雅库特人存在非常强烈的瓶颈，其年龄与雅库特人在蒙古压力下向北迁徙的假设很好地一致。此外，遗传结果表明，雅库特人是一个非常同质的群体，尽管他们目前分布在非常大的领土上。这证实了他们最近在当前定居地区散布的历史记录。
The Yakuts (also known as Sakha), Turkic-speaking cattle- and horse-breeders, inhabit a vast territory in Central and northeastern Siberia. On the basis of the archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, they are assumed to have migrated north from their original area of settlement in the vicinity of Lake Baykal in South Siberia under the pressure of the Mongol expansion during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuryAD. During their initial migration and subsequent expansion, the ancestors of the Yakuts settled in the territory originally occupied by Tungusic- and Uralic-speaking reindeer-herders and hunters. In this paper we use mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses to elucidate whether the Yakut immigration and expansion was accompanied by admixture with the indigenous populations of their new area of settlement or whether the Yakuts displaced the original inhabitants without intermarriage. The mtDNA results show a very close affinity of the Yakuts with Central Asian and South Siberian groups, which confirms their southern origin. There is no conclusive evidence for admixture with indigenous populations, though a small amount cannot be excluded on the basis of the mtDNA data alone. The Y-chromosomal results confirm previous findings of a very strong bottleneck in the Yakuts, the age of which is in good accordance with the hypothesis that the Yakuts migrated north under Mongol pressure. Furthermore, the genetic results show that the Yakuts are a very homogenous population, notwithstanding their current spread over a very large territory. This confirms the historical accounts that they spread over their current area of settlement fairly recently.