Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Magnoliales and winteroids
Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Magnoliales and winteroids
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb01792.x
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发表时间：
1997-07
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
A. Igersheim;P. K. Endress
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Igersheim;P. K. Endress
摘要比较了木兰目11个科（番荔枝科、Canellaceae、Degeneriaceae、Eupomatiaceae、Himantandraceae、Magnoliaceae、Myristicaceae）和冬青科（Austrobaileyaceae、Illiciaceae、Phenandraceae、Winteraceae）的心皮和胚珠结构。特别注意在家庭一级不变的特征。两性花总是先雌先熟。在所研究的所有代表中，心皮在花期闭合。心皮的闭合有三种不同的方式：（1）内表面生殖后融合（退化花科、真藓科、冬青科），或（2）分泌封闭（Austrobaileyaceae，夹竹桃科），或（3）（1）和（2）的组合：在番荔枝科（Annonaceae）、Canellaceae、肉豆蔻科（Myristicaceae）中，在腹缝的最内部有明显的分泌道;八角科和木兰科的腹裂最里面有一个狭窄的通道; 2鞭蕊科的腹裂在花柱中后生殖融合，但在子房中完全开放。在大多数科中，心皮有一个双重柱头冠，或者在横向对称平面上有两个尖端（即与中间平面成直角）。大多数科的柱头为单细胞乳突状，但在退化科和真藓科中乳突为双细胞至多细胞（单列）。结果表明，在鞭蕊科和假鞭蕊科中发现了一种罕见的隐蔽的心皮外复合体。八角科和夹竹桃科植物的心皮表皮均存在侵入性油细胞。成熟的胚珠长度在0.15和1.1毫米之间变化。外珠被在退化草科、鞭竹科、Canellaceae、肉豆蔻科和八角科中是完全环形的（不是半环形的）。一个不发育假种皮发生在Canellaceae，起源于相同的地点，在假种皮番荔枝科和肉豆蔻科。结果最强烈地支持番荔枝科-肉豆蔻科-Canellaceae的联盟，在某种程度上也支持Euopomatiaceae-退化科-Himantandraceae-木兰科的联盟，以及八角科-八角科-冬青科-Austrobaileyaceae的联盟。
Abstract Carpel and ovule structure was compared in representatives of all 11 families of the Magnoliales (Annonaceae, Canellaceae, Degeneriaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Himantandraceae, Magnoliaceae, Myristicaceae) and winteroids (Austrobaileyaceae, Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, Winteraceae). Special attention was paid to features that are constant at family level. Bisexual flowers are always protogynous. In all representatives studied the carpels are closed at anthesis. Carpel closure is attained in three different ways: (1) postgenital fusion of inner surfaces (Degeneriaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Winteraceae), or (2) occlusion by secretion (Austrobaileyaceae, Schisandraceae), or (3) a combination of (1) and (2): in Annonaceae, Canellaceae, Myristicaceae there is a conspicuous secretory canal in the innermost part of the ventral slit; in Illiciaceae and Magnoliaceae there is a narrow canal in the innermost part of the ventral slit; and in Himantandraceae the ventral slit is postgenitally fused in the style but completely open in the ovary. In most families the carpels have a double stigmatic crest or they have two tips in the transversal symmetry plane (i.e. at right angles to the median plane). Stigmas are unicellular papillate in most families but the papillae are bi- to multicellular (uniseriate) in Degeneriaceae and Eupomatiaceae. An unusual cryptic extracarpellary compitum was found in Himantandraceae and Schisandraceae. Intrusive oil cells were found in the carpel epidermis of Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Mature ovules vary in length between 0.15 and 1.1 mm. The outer integument is fully annular (not semiannular) in Degeneriaceae, Himantandraceae, Canellaceae, Myristicaceae, and Illiciaceae. A rudimentary aril occurs in Canellaceae, and originates at the same site as in arillate Annonaceae and Myristicaceae. The results most strongly support an Annonaceae-Myristicaceae-Canellaceae alliance, to some degree also an Eupomatiaceae-Degeneriaceae-Himantandraceae-Magnoliaceae alliance, and an Illiciaceae-Schisandraceae-Winteraceae-Austrobaileyaceae alliance.