Object pronouns in German L3 syntax: Evidence for the L2 status factor
Object pronouns in German L3 syntax: Evidence for the L2 status factor
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DOI：
10.1177/0267658310386647
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Bardel, Camilla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Falk, Ylva;Bardel, Camilla
一些关于第三语言词汇的研究，以及最近一些关于第三语言句法的研究，都令人信服地表明，习得真正的第二语言和随后习得第三语言之间存在着质的差异。一些研究甚至表明，在第三语言句法的初始状态中，第二语言比第一语言发挥更大的作用（例如，Bardel和Falk，2007; Rothman和Cabrelli Amaro，2010）。在这篇文章中，我们进一步研究了在目标语的中级水平的学习者从L1/L2到L3的句法迁移。本研究以44名德语学习者为被试，通过语法判断/纠正任务（GJCT）测试了宾语代词在主句和从句中的位置。研究对象分为两组（每组22人）：一组以英语为母语，法语为第二语言，另一组以法语为母语，英语为第二语言。这种背景语言的特殊组合使我们能够查明迁移的来源，因为宾语的位置在法语中是动词前的，在英语中是动词后的，这在主句和从句中都适用。然而，在目的语德语中，宾语的位置在小句的动词前和主句的动词后之间变化。两组学生在接受和拒绝测试项目（60个带宾语代词的语法和不语法主句和副句）方面表现不同。这种差异是显著的，可以分别归因于他们的L2。因此，我们的研究结果表明，L2转移到L3，即使在一个中间的水平，并在此基础上，我们要求一个强大的L2地位因素的作用。
Several studies on L3 lexicon, and recently also some on L3 syntax, have convincingly shown a qualitative difference between the acquisition of a true L2 and the subsequent acquisition of an L3. Some studies even indicate that L2 takes on a stronger role than L1 in the initial state of L3 syntax (e.g. Bardel and Falk, 2007; Rothman and Cabrelli Amaro, 2010). In this article we further investigate syntactic transfer from L1/L2 to L3 in learners at an intermediate level of proficiency in the target language. Data have been obtained from 44 learners of German as L3, testing the placement of object pronouns in both main and subordinate clauses in a grammaticality judgement/correction task (GJCT). The learners constitute two groups (both n = 22): One group has English as L1 and French as L2 and the other group has French as L1 and English as L2. This particular combination of background languages allows us to pinpoint the source of transfer, since object placement is pre-verbal in French and post-verbal in English, this being applied in both main and subordinate clauses. In target language (TL) German, however, the object placement varies between pre-verbal in the sub clause and post-verbal in the main clause. The two groups behave differently as to both acceptance and rejection of the test items (60 grammatical and ungrammatical main and sub clauses with object pronouns). This difference is significant and can be ascribed to their L2s, respectively. Our results thus show that the L2 transfers into the L3 even at an intermediate level, and on the basis of this we claim a strong role for the L2 status factor.