SENSITIVITY OF MACAQUE RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS TO CHROMATIC AND LUMINANCE FLICKER
SENSITIVITY OF MACAQUE RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS TO CHROMATIC AND LUMINANCE FLICKER
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017685
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发表时间：
1989-07-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
VALBERG, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEE, BB;MARTIN, PR;VALBERG, A
1.我们研究了猕猴视网膜神经节细胞对正弦闪烁的敏感性。对比度阈值进行了比较，刺激交替只在亮度（“亮度闪烁”）或chomaticity（“色闪烁”），或调制只有中或长波长敏感锥（“沉默的替代”）。2.对于亮度闪烁，最低的阈值是那些相位，非对手神经节细胞。灵敏度在10 Hz附近最高。3.紧张性，锥对手神经节细胞相对不敏感的亮度闪烁，特别是在低时间频率，但敏感的色闪烁，阈值变化不大，从1到20 Hz。那些从中长波长敏感（M-和L-）视锥细胞的拮抗性输入对红色和绿色光之间的色闪烁有较低的阈值。那些从短波长敏感（S-）视锥细胞输入的人对蓝色和绿色之间的彩色闪烁的阈值较低。以视锥对比度表示，S-视锥对蓝色中心细胞的输入具有比M-和L-视锥对其他细胞类型的输入更高的阈值。4.时相性，非对手细胞响应高对比度的红色-绿色闪烁的闪烁频率的两倍。这种倍频响应是由于M-和L-锥机制的总和的非线性。只有在大多数紧张细胞的视锥对比度高于阈值时才明显。5. M-或L-视锥细胞的刺激选择性使用沉默取代。 红、绿色视锥细胞的M-和L-视锥细胞输入的阈值相似。这意味着这些细胞对色彩闪烁的敏感性是从中心和周围同等程度地导出的。隔离锥输入的双稳态可用于预测对彩色闪烁的灵敏度。因此，这些细胞对消色差对比度的高阈值至少部分是由于对手输入的相互抵消，而不是固有的低灵敏度。6. M-和L-视锥输入相位细胞在10 Hz时，类似的，并与紧张性细胞，这表明在1400 TD锥输入两个细胞群是类似的强度。7.相位细胞对亮度闪烁的调制传递函数与观察相同刺激的人类观察者的检测灵敏度曲线相似。对于彩色闪烁，在低时间频率下，紧张性细胞（在红-绿色闪烁的情况下的红色或绿色中心细胞或在蓝-绿色闪烁的情况下的蓝色中心细胞）的阈值接近人类观察者的阈值。我们提出不同的细胞类型是不同通道的基底，这些通道是在心理物理实验的基础上假设的。8.在2 Hz以上的彩色闪烁频率下，人类的灵敏度福尔斯急剧下降，而紧张性细胞的灵敏度保持不变或增加。这意味着，高频信号的彩色，紧张性细胞通路是不可用的中央通路负责闪烁检测。
1. We have studied the sensitivity of macaque retinal ganglion cells to sinusoidal flicker. Contrast thresholds were compared for stimuli which alternated only in luminance (''luminance flicker'') or chomaticity (''chromatic flicker''), or which modulated only the middle- or long-wavelength-sensitive cones (''silent substitution''). 2. For luminance flicker, the lowest thresholds were those of phasic, non-opponent ganglion cells. Sensitivity was maximal near 10 Hz. 3. Tonic, cone-opponent ganglion cells were relatively insensitive to luminance flicker, especially at low temporal frequencies, but were sensitive to chromatic flicker, thresholds changing little from 1 to 20 Hz. Those with antagonistic input from middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive (M- and L-) cones had a low threshold to chromatic flicker between red and green lights. Those with input from short-wavelength-sensitive (S-) cones had a low threshold to chromatic flicker between blue and green. Expressed in terms of cone contrast, the S-cone inputs to blue on-centre cells had higher thresholds than M- and L-cone inputs to other cell types. 4. Phasic, non-opponent cells responded to high-contrast red-green chromatic flicker at twice the flicker frequency. This frequency-doubled response is due to a non-linearity of summation of M- and L-cone mechansims. It was only apparent at cone contrasts which were above threshold for most tonic cells. 5. M- or L-cones were stimulated selectively using silent substitution. Thresholds of M- and L-cone inputs to both red and green on-centre cells were similar. This implies that these cells'' sensitivity to chromatic flicker is derived in equal measure from centre and surround. Thresholds of the isolated cone inputs could be used to predict sensitivity to chromatic flicker. The high threshold of these cells to achromatic contrast is thus, at least in part, due to mutual cancellation by opponent inputs rather than intrinsically low sensitivity. 6. Thresholds of M- and L-cone inputs to phasic cells were similar at 10 Hz, and were comparable to those of tonic cells, suggesting that at 1400 td cone inputs to both cell groups are of similar strength. 7. The modulation transfer function of phasic cells to luminance flicker was similar to the detection sensitivity curve of human observers who viewed the same stimulus. For chromatic flicker, at low temporal frequencies thresholds of tonic cells (red or green on-centre cells in the case of red-green flicker or blue on-centre cells in the case of blue-green flicker) approached that of human observers. We propose the different cell types are the substrate of different channels which have been postulated on the basis of psychophysical experiments. 8. At frequencies of chromatic flicker above 2 Hz, human sensitivity falls off steeply whereas tonic cell sensitivity remained the same or increased. This implies that high-frequency signals in the chromatic, tonic cell pathway are not available to the central pathway responsible for flicker detection.