Adaptive capacity: from assessment to action in coastal social-ecological systems
Adaptive capacity: from assessment to action in coastal social-ecological systems
复制标题
适应能力：沿海社会生态系统从评估到行动
DOI：
10.5751/es-09325-220222
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
L. Yumagulova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Whitney;N. Bennett;Natalie Ban;E. Allison;D. Armitage;J. Blythe;J. Burt;W. Cheung;Elena M. Finkbeiner;Maery Kaplan;I. Perry;N. Turner;L. Yumagulova
由于沿海海洋社会生态系统中环境、气候和社会政治变化的复杂性和速度，评估和培养沿海社区的适应能力具有重大的学术和应用兴趣。适应能力是指系统主动、积极地应对压力源或机会的潜在能力。各种定性，定量和参与性的方法已经开发和应用，以了解和评估适应能力，每一个不同的好处，缺点，见解和影响。借鉴来自地球仪各地的沿海社区的案例研究，我们描述和比较11种方法，经常被用来研究社会和生态系统的适应能力，面对社会，环境和气候变化。我们综合了一系列案例研究的经验教训，提出了框架研究的重要考虑因素，并选择评估方法，分析相关社会生态系统的适应能力的主要挑战，以及将结果与促进适应能力的行动联系起来的良好做法。我们建议，应更多地关注综合社会生态评估，并加大努力，评估和监测适应能力的时间和跨尺度。总体而言，尽管可持续发展科学有望为真实的世界问题提供解决方案，但我们发现，似乎很少有评估能够带来切实的成果或行动，以促进社会生态系统的适应能力。
Because of the complexity and speed of environmental, climatic, and socio-political change in coastal marine social-ecological systems, there is significant academic and applied interest in assessing and fostering the adaptive capacity of coastal communities. Adaptive capacity refers to the latent ability of a system to respond proactively and positively to stressors or opportunities. A variety of qualitative, quantitative, and participatory approaches have been developed and applied to understand and assess adaptive capacity, each with different benefits, drawbacks, insights, and implications. Drawing on case studies of coastal communities from around the globe, we describe and compare 11 approaches that are often used to study adaptive capacity of social and ecological systems in the face of social, environmental, and climatic change. We synthesize lessons from a series of case studies to present important considerations to frame research and to choose an assessment approach, key challenges to analyze adaptive capacity in linked social-ecological systems, and good practices to link results to action to foster adaptive capacity. We suggest that more attention be given to integrated social-ecological assessments and that greater effort be placed on evaluation and monitoring of adaptive capacity over time and across scales. Overall, although sustainability science holds a promise of providing solutions to real world problems, we found that too few assessments seem to lead to tangible outcomes or actions to foster adaptive capacity in social-ecological systems.