Contingencies of self-worth.
Contingencies of self-worth.
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自我价值的偶然性。
DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.593
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wolfe,CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crocker,J;Wolfe,CT
关于自尊的研究几乎完全集中在特质自尊的水平上，而忽视了其他潜在的更重要的方面，如自尊所基于的偶然性。世纪前，W.詹姆斯（James，1890）认为，自尊在其典型水平上的上升和福尔斯下降是对一个人在自我价值领域的成功和失败的反应。我们提出了一个全球自尊的模型，建立在詹姆斯的见解，并强调自我价值的偶然性。这一模型可以帮助（a）指出理解自尊如何与情感、认知和行为自我调节有关的途径;（B）提出自尊如何以及何时与社会问题有关;（c）解决关于自尊的性质和功能的争论;（d）解决相关文献中的悖论，例如，为什么被污名化的人不一定自尊心低，为什么自尊心不会随着年龄的增长而下降;以及（e）表明自尊心如何与抑郁症有因果关系。此外，这种观点提出了一些问题，如自我价值的偶然性是如何获得的，它们是如何变化的，它们主要是一种资源还是一种脆弱性，以及一些人是否具有非偶然性的自尊。
Research on self-esteem has focused almost exclusively on level of trait self-esteem to the neglect of other potentially more important aspects such as the contingencies on which self-esteem is based. Over a century ago, W. James (1890) argued that self-esteem rises and falls around its typical level in response to successes and failures in domains on which one has staked self-worth. We present a model of global self-esteem that builds on James' insights and emphasizes contingencies of self-worth. This model can help to (a) point the way to understanding how self-esteem is implicated in affect, cognition, and self-regulation of behavior;(b) suggest how and when self-esteem is implicated in social problems;(c) resolve debates about the nature and functioning of self-esteem;(d) resolve paradoxes in related literatures, such as why people who are stigmatized do not necessarily have low self-esteem and why self-esteem does not decline with age; and (e) suggest how self-esteem is causally related to depression. In addition, this perspective raises questions about how contingencies of self-worth are acquired and how they change, whether they are primarily a resource or a vulnerability, and whether some people have noncontingent self-esteem.