Polarity items, n-words and minimizers in Catalan and Spanish
Polarity items, n-words and minimizers in Catalan and Spanish
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加泰罗尼亚语和西班牙语的极性项、n 字和最小化项
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发表时间：
1994
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通讯作者：
Eric Vallduví
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作者：
Eric Vallduví
加泰罗尼亚语的小写形式(表示最小数量或范围的表达式)包含一个明显的否定标记。当接受一些诊断性测试时，他们的行为与(负)极性项目的行为完全相反。一般说来，除了在非负极性许可语境中，n词的行为类似于极性项，而最小化词的行为则不是。本文认为，加泰罗尼亚语的小写形式，而不是n-词，实例化了否定-和谐术语的真实行为。不应把名词出现在非负极语境中理解为S式的否定和谐词，而应理解为S式的例外现象。至于西班牙语，它有两类小写形式。有一类与加泰罗尼亚类型完全相同。另一个显示的是真极性项的行为。事实反对将负和谐项与真正的极性项相一致，因此，反对将负和谐项归入极性许可之下。1993年12月在乌得勒支举行的第七届罗曼史研讨会，1994年3月在洛杉矶举行的第24届罗曼史语言研讨会，以及1994年6月在格罗宁根举行的皮奥尼尔关于否定和极性的座谈会上，介绍了这些材料的不同版本。感谢Ignacio Bosque，Elisabet Engdahl，Jacob HoekSema，William Ladusaw，Giuseppe Longobardi，Itziar Laka，Josep Quer，Jaume Solä，Lucia Tovena，ton van der Wouden，Raffaella Zanuttini，Frans Zwarts，以及两位匿名的Probus评审员在这项工作的不同阶段进行讨论和评论。当然，任何事实或分析上的错误都是我自己的责任。我要感谢爱丁堡大学人类传播研究中心和ESPRIT资助的Dyana-2(基础研究项目6852)的支持。Probus 6(1994)，263 294 0921 4471/94/006 0263
Catalan minimizers (expressions denoting some minimal quantity or extent) contain an overt negative marker. When subject to a number of diagnostic tests, their behavior is totally opposite to that of (negative) polarity items. Generally, minimizers behave like n-words, except in nonnegativepolarity-licensing contexts, where n-words behave like polarity items and minimizers do not. This article argues that Catalan minimizers, rather than n-words, instantiate the true behavior of negative-concord terms. Thefact the n-words may appear in nonnegative polar contexts should not be taken äs typical of negative-concord terms but rather äs an exceptional phenomenon. Asfor Spanish, itpossesses two classes of minimizers. One class is identical to the Catalan type. The other displays the behavior oftrue polarity items. The facts argue against identifying negative-concord terms with true polarity items, and, therefore, against subsuming negative concord under polarity licensing. Versions of this material were presented at the 7th Going Romance Symposium in Utrecht in December 1993, the 24th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages in Los Angeles in March 1994, and the PIONIER colloquium on Negation and Polarity in Groningen in June 1994. I am indebted to Ignacio Bosque, Elisabet Engdahl, Jacob Hoeksema, William Ladusaw, Giuseppe Longobardi, Itziar Laka, Josep Quer, Jaume Solä, Lucia Tovena, Ton van der Wouden, Raffaella Zanuttini, Frans Zwarts, and two anonymous Probus reviewers for discussion and comments at different stages of this work. Any errors of fact or analysis are, of course, my own responsibility. I would like to acknowledge the support of the Human Communication Research Centre at the University of Edinburgh and of ESPRiT-funded DYANA-2 (Basic Research Project 6852). Probus 6 (1994), 263 294 0921 4471/94/006 0263