Impacts of plastic debris on biota and implications for human health: A South African perspective
Impacts of plastic debris on biota and implications for human health: A South African perspective
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塑料碎片对生物群的影响及其对人类健康的影响：南非的观点
DOI：
10.17159/sajs.2020/7693
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sershen Not available
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trishan Naidoo;A. Rajkaran;Sershen Not available
海洋塑料垃圾对海洋生物群的主要生态影响是塑料的缠绕和摄取，但外来物种的运输和海底窒息等间接影响也值得注意。无脊椎动物、鲨鱼、海龟、鸟类和海洋哺乳动物的缠绕主要是由大型塑料(>；5 mm)引起的，并导致行动能力降低、觅食无效和随后死亡。与缠绕有关的主要塑料类型是不适当地丢弃的渔网、钓线、绳索和皮带。据报告，在南非及其周围水域，一些海洋物种摄入了塑料：鲨鱼(n=10)、鱼(n>；=7)、海龟(n=1)和鸟类(n=36)。已经注意到海洋垃圾对生物群的致命(大型塑料)和亚致命影响(微型塑料≤5 mm)，但在本审查进行时，尚未发表关于种群影响的报告。食用的贝类可能是将微塑料引入人体的媒介。摄取微塑料对人类健康的具体影响在很大程度上尚不清楚，但与塑料相关的添加剂构成了威胁。南非的研究基础设施不足以监测和表征海洋塑料垃圾，在许多情况下，不符合全球标准。需要进行更多的研究工作，以了解海洋塑料垃圾对南非人类和海洋生物群的影响，特别是在人口层面。重要意义：大型塑料主要通过缠绕作用影响海洋生物，微型塑料主要通过摄取作用影响海洋生物。·大塑料和微塑料与生物群的相互作用可导致亚致死效应和死亡率，但南非尚未报告种群效应。·食用的贝类是人类微塑料的潜在来源，但它们对人类的潜在影响尚不清楚。·需要更好的基础设施，以改进对南非海洋垃圾影响的监测和研究。
Entanglement and ingestion of plastics are the main ecological impacts of marine plastic debris on marine biota, but indirect effects such as the transport of alien species and benthic smothering are also important to note. Entanglement of invertebrates, sharks, turtles, birds and marine mammals is mainly caused by macroplastics (>5 mm), and leads to reduced mobility, ineffective foraging and subsequent mortality. The main plastic types associated with entanglement are improperly discarded fishing nets, lines, ropes and straps. In South Africa and surrounding waters, plastic ingestion has been reported in a number of marine species: sharks (n=10), fish (n>=7), turtles (n=1) and birds (n=36). Lethal (macroplastic) and sub-lethal effects (microplastic ≤5 mm) of marine debris on biota have been noted, but at the time of this review there were no published reports on impacts at the population level. Consumed shellfish are possible vectors for the introduction of microplastics into humans. The specific impacts of microplastic ingestion on human health are largely unknown, but additives associated with plastics represent a threat. The research infrastructure in South Africa is insufficient to monitor and characterise marine plastic debris and, in many cases, not in line with global standards. More research effort is needed to understand the impacts of marine plastic debris on humans and marine biota in South Africa, particularly at the population level. Significance • Macroplastics affect marine biota mainly via entanglement and microplastics largely through ingestion. • Macro- and microplastic interactions with biota can result in sub-lethal effects and mortality but no population effects have been reported for South Africa. • Consumed shellfish are a potential source of microplastics for humans but their potential effects in humans remain unknown. • Better infrastructure is needed for improved monitoring and research on the effects of marine debris in South Africa.