The Sex-Segregation of Fields of Study: Trends during the College Years.
The Sex-Segregation of Fields of Study: Trends during the College Years.
复制标题
学习领域的性别隔离：大学时期的趋势。
DOI：
10.2307/1981478
复制
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Jacobs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Jacobs
学生选择的学习领域是大学经历的重要组成部分。将学习课程组织为“专业”或“集中领域”被称为“当今本科教育的主要特征”[41，第 17 页]。 28]。绝大多数学院和大学要求学生选择主要学习领域。对专业的要求程度各不相同，但通常都很重要：总课程负荷的 30-40% 是典型的文学学士课程，40-50% 是典型的理科学士学位课程 [41，第 32-33 页]。学习领域为学生构成了一个社会和智力环境。大学专业促进具有相似兴趣的学生之间的频繁接触，塑造熟人和友谊的模式[25]。一些证据表明专业之间教学的社会维度存在重要差异[33]。其他研究表明，在大学内部，不同专业之间在教学投入 [60, 53] 和教学质量 [32] 方面存在很大差异。不同大学专业的政治态度和成绩也存在系统性差异[11]。最后，也许也是最重要的一点是，大学专业会影响以后的职业和收入。比尔比将女性在大学选择的学习领域与女性随后的就业联系起来。
The field of study chosen by students represents an important part of the college experience. The organization of courses of study into "majors" or "fields of concentration" has been termed "the dominant feature of undergraduate education today" [41, p. 28]. The vast majority of colleges and universities require students to select a primary field of study. The extent of requirements for majors varies but is generally substantial: 30-40 percent of the total course load is typical of bachelor of arts programs and 40-50 percent is typical of bachelor of science programs [41, pp. 32-33]. The field of study constitutes a social as well as an intellectual environment for the student. College majors facilitate frequent contact between students having similar interests, shaping patterns of acquaintance and friendship [25]. Some evidence suggests important differences in the social dimensions of instruction between majors [33]. Other studies indicate that within colleges there is substantial variation between majors in the effort devoted to instruction [60, 53] and in the quality of instruction provided [32]. Political attitudes and grades also vary systematically across college majors [11]. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, college majors influence later-life occupations and earnings. Bielby has linked the field of study chosen by women in college to subsequent employment in female-