A bit or a lot on the side? Observational study of the energy content of starters, sides and desserts in major UK restaurant chains
A bit or a lot on the side? Observational study of the energy content of starters, sides and desserts in major UK restaurant chains
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DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029679
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Robinson, Eric
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muc, Magdalena;Jones, Andrew;Robinson, Eric
目标我们的目标是检查英国主要连锁餐厅供应的开胃菜、配菜和甜点的卡路里（kcal）含量，比较快餐店和全方位服务餐厅中这些菜肴的卡路里含量。设计观察性研究。英国主要连锁餐厅在线提供的设置菜单和营养信息。方法2018年10月至11月期间，我们访问了在英国拥有50家或更多分店的连锁餐厅的网站。菜单项目，构成启动器，双方或甜点被确定，并提取其千卡含量。饮料不包括在内。我们使用多层次模型来研究快餐店和全方位服务餐厅的菜肴平均千卡含量是否不同。主要结果测量菜肴的平均千卡含量和主菜中超过公共卫生建议能量含量的菜肴比例结果共纳入27家餐饮连锁店（21家全服务，6家快餐）的1 009份菜肴（212份前菜，318份配菜和479份甜点）。合格菜肴的平均千卡含量为488.0（标准误=15.6）的开胃菜，397.5（标准误=14.9）的两侧和430.6（标准误=11.5）的甜点。超过600千卡的菜肴所占比例为：前菜26.4%，配菜21.7%，甜点20.5%。与快餐连锁店相比，在提供全方位服务的餐厅提供的甜点平均热量更高，更有可能超过600千卡。结论双方，首发和甜点在英国主要餐馆出售的平均能量含量高。在英国连锁餐厅中，四分之一的前菜和五分之一的配菜和甜点超过了一顿饭的推荐能量摄入量。
Objectives Our objective was to examine the kilocalorie (kcal) content of starters, sides and desserts served in major UK restaurant chains, comparing the kcal content of these dishes in fast-food and full-service restaurants.Design Observational study.Setting Menu and nutritional information provided online by major UK restaurant chains.Method During October to November 2018, we accessed websites of restaurant chains with 50 or more outlets in the UK. Menu items that constituted starters, sides or desserts were identified and their kcal content was extracted. Accompanying beverages were not included. We used multilevel modelling to examine whether mean kcal content of dishes differed in fast-food versus full-service restaurants.Main outcome measures The mean kcal content of dishes and the proportion of dishes exceeding public health recommendations for energy content in a main meal (>600 kcal).Results A total of 1009 dishes (212 starters, 318 sides and 479 desserts) from 27 restaurant chains (21 full-service, 6 fast-food) were included. The mean kcal content of eligible dishes was 488.0 (SE=15.6) for starters, 397.5 (SE=14.9) for sides and 430.6 (SE=11.5) for desserts. The percentage of dishes exceeding 600 kcal was 26.4% for starters, 21.7% for sides and 20.5% for desserts. Compared with fast-food chains, desserts offered at full-service restaurants were on average more calorific and were significantly more likely to exceed 600 kcal.Conclusions The average energy content of sides, starters and desserts sold in major UK restaurants is high. One in four starters and one in five sides and desserts in UK chain restaurants exceed the recommended energy intake for an entire meal.