Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD⁺.

Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD⁺.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.aad5168
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发表时间:
2016-06-17
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Goodman RH
Goodman RH
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cambronne XA;Stewart ML;Kim D;Jones-Brunette AM;Morgan RK;Farrens DL;Cohen MS;Goodman RH

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烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)是沉默调节蛋白和ADP-核糖聚合酶(PARP)的重要底物,这些酶是位于细胞核、细胞质和线粒体的NAD+消耗酶。这些亚细胞区室中NAD+浓度的波动被认为调节NAD+消耗酶的活性;然而,测量细胞中区室化NAD+的挑战排除了这种类型调节的直接证据。我们描述了一种基因编码的荧光生物传感器的产生,用于直接监测亚细胞区室中的游离NAD+浓度。我们发现,细胞核,细胞质和线粒体中游离NAD+的浓度接近米氏常数(Km)的sirtuins和PARP在各自的隔室。催化NAD+生物合成最后一步的酶的系统性消耗揭示了维持线粒体NAD+浓度的细胞特异性机制。
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential substrate for sirtuins and ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), NAD+-consuming enzymes localized to the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria. Fluctuations in NAD+ concentrations within these subcellular compartments are thought to regulate the activity of NAD+-consuming enzymes; however, the challenge in measuring compartmentalized NAD+ in cells has precluded direct evidence for this type of regulation. We describe the generation of a genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensor for directly monitoring free NAD+ concentrations in subcellular compartments. We found that the concentrations of free NAD+ in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria approximate the Michaelis constant (Km) for sirtuins and PARPs in their respective compartments. Systematic depletion of enzymes that catalyze the final step of NAD+ biosynthesis revealed cell-specific mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial NAD+ concentrations.
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