Public attitude towards the implementation of management actions aimed at reducing human fear of brown bears and wolves
Public attitude towards the implementation of management actions aimed at reducing human fear of brown bears and wolves
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DOI：
10.2981/wlb.13116
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Flykt, Anders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frank, Jens;Johansson, Maria;Flykt, Anders
之前关于人类对大型食肉动物恐惧的研究主要是基于自我报告，其中个人调查项目和恐惧的对象被衡量，因此一个人是否害怕对人类或牲畜和宠物的攻击尚未确定。这项研究的目的是区分恐惧的对象以及对实施管理行动的态度和潜在冲突指数(PCI)。这些问题涉及执行瑞典目前正在使用或讨论的旨在减少人类对棕熊/狼的恐惧的有限数量的管理行动。在瑞典，居住在棕熊(n=198)或狼(n=193)地区的391人回答了一份问卷。棕熊区的居民和狼区的居民自我报告的恐惧程度不同。在棕熊和狼的地区，对家畜和宠物袭击的恐惧比对人类袭击的恐惧更强烈。在棕熊区，对牲畜的恐惧最强烈，而在狼区，对宠物的恐惧最强烈。对袭击牲畜和宠物的恐惧在狼区明显更强，而对人类袭击的恐惧在棕熊区最强。在棕熊和狼区，几乎没有人接受实施允许人们在户外携带胡椒喷雾或枪支的管理行动。旨在为熊/狼种群设定种群上限的管理行动、关于遇到熊/狼时如何采取行动的信息以及提供关于熊/狼在当地存在的信息的信息，都具有较高的可接受性。对于表达了对袭击人类的高度恐惧的受访者来说，情况尤其如此。
Previous research on human fear of large carnivores has mainly been based on self-reports in which individual survey items and the objects of fear are measured, so whether a person fears attacks on humans or livestock and pets has not been identified. The objectives of this study were to differentiate between the objects of fear as well as capturing attitudes towards implementation of management actions and the potential for conflict index (PCI). These concern the implementation of a limited number of management actions currently used or discussed in Sweden that are aimed at reducing human fear of brown bears/wolves. 391 persons living in areas with either brown bear (n = 198) or wolf (n = 193) in Sweden responded to a questionnaire. The degree of self-reported fear varied between residents in brown bear areas and residents in wolf areas. The fear of attacks on livestock and pets was stronger than fear of attacks on humans in both brown bear and wolf areas. In brown bear areas, fear was strongest for livestock, while in wolf areas fear was strongest for pets. The fear of attacks on livestock and pets was significantly stronger in wolf areas, while the fear of attacks on humans was strongest in brown bear areas. In both brown bear and wolf areas, there was little acceptance of implementation of management actions that would allow people to carry pepper spray or a gun outdoors. Management actions aimed at setting a population cap for bear/wolf populations, information on how to act when encountering a bear/wolf, and providing information on local presence of bear/wolf had relatively high acceptability. This was especially true for respondents expressing high fear of attacks on humans.