The Hologenome Concept: Helpful or Hollow?
The Hologenome Concept: Helpful or Hollow?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002311
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Sloan DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moran NA;Sloan DB
随着人们对微生物共生体在植物和动物宿主的发育和适应性中所起的关键作用的日益认识，最近有一种通过“全基因组”（宿主及其微生物组的集体基因组内容）的视角来解释进化的趋势。但是，共生体是如何进化的，特别是它们是否经历了有利于宿主的自然选择，这是一个复杂的问题，与一些关于宿主相关微生物群落进化过程的误解有关。微生物可以与宿主有密切的、古老的和/或互惠的联系，而无需经过有利于宿主的自然选择。同样，观察宿主特异性微生物群落组成或更密切相关的宿主之间更大的群落相似性并不意味着共生体与宿主共同进化，更不用说它们是为了宿主的利益而进化的。虽然共生群落或全基因组水平的选择在某些情况下发生，但它不应被接受为解释宿主-共生体关联特征的零假设。众所周知，微生物共生体对其宿主的生物学很重要，但本文提出需要什么证据来确定共生体和宿主是否共同进化，以及它们是否形成了进化选择的更高单位。
With the increasing appreciation for the crucial roles that microbial symbionts play in the development and fitness of plant and animal hosts, there has been a recent push to interpret evolution through the lens of the “hologenome”—the collective genomic content of a host and its microbiome. But how symbionts evolve and, particularly, whether they undergo natural selection to benefit hosts are complex issues that are associated with several misconceptions about evolutionary processes in host-associated microbial communities. Microorganisms can have intimate, ancient, and/or mutualistic associations with hosts without having undergone natural selection to benefit hosts. Likewise, observing host-specific microbial community composition or greater community similarity among more closely related hosts does not imply that symbionts have coevolved with hosts, let alone that they have evolved for the benefit of the host. Although selection at the level of the symbiotic community, or hologenome, occurs in some cases, it should not be accepted as the null hypothesis for explaining features of host–symbiont associations. It is accepted that microbial symbionts are important to the biology of their hosts, but this essay asks what evidence is needed to determine whether symbionts and hosts have coevolved and whether they form higher units of evolutionary selection.