Historical development and the present status of Japanese dams
Historical development and the present status of Japanese dams
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DOI：
10.1002/rra.4129
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Rei Itsukushima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rei Itsukushima
水坝减少了洪水的风险，使人类能够在河流泛滥平原上耕种肥沃的冲积土壤，从而促进了人口增长和技术创新。然而，在已经建造了许多水坝的国家，已经观察到许多问题，例如河流环境恶化，大坝老化和大坝性能不足。随着水坝周围的社会和自然环境变得越来越复杂和多样化，有必要了解水坝的总体现状和建设历史，以便我们可以考虑社会资本和水坝与人类社会和自然环境的关系。本研究以19世纪后期开始大力建设水坝并成为经济发展动力的日本为例，考察水坝的基本信息与水坝存在的社会背景之间的关系。随着水坝老化导致维护和管理成本增加，以及地区产业结构变化导致水需求变化，水坝周围的情况正在发生急剧变化。同时，在有些情况下，水坝有望减少损害，例如在气候变化造成更严重和更频繁的干旱和洪水的情况下。因此，有必要在考虑当地社会条件、未来可能发生的变化以及河流对环境的影响等众多复杂多样的因素的情况下拆除或改造大坝。
Dams have contributed to population growth and technological innovation by reducing the risk of flooding and allowing humans to cultivate productive alluvial soils on river floodplains. However, in countries where many dams have already been constructed, many problems have been observed, such as river environment degradation, aging of the embankments, and inadequate dam performance. As the social and natural environment surrounding dams is becoming more complex and diverse, it is necessary to understand the current overall status of dams and the history of their construction such that we may consider how social capital and dams are related to human society and the natural environment. In this study, the relationship of basic information of dams and the social background in which the dams exist was examined for Japan, where dam construction began in earnest in the late 1800s and became a driving force for economic development. The situations surrounding dams are drastically changing, as maintenance and management costs increase due to the aging of dams and water demand varies due to changes in the industrial structure of a region. Simultaneously, there are instances where dams are expected to reduce damage, such as in the presence of more severe and frequent droughts and floods caused by climate change. It is therefore necessary to remove or restructure dams while considering numerous complex and diverse factors, such as the local social conditions, potential future changes, and environmental impact of rivers.