Dyadic interactions in children exhibiting the broader autism phenotype: Is the broader autism phenotype distinguishable from typical development?
Dyadic interactions in children exhibiting the broader autism phenotype: Is the broader autism phenotype distinguishable from typical development?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/aur.2062
复制
发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lane, S. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kellerman, A. M.;Schwichtenberg, A. J.;Lane, S. P.
在养育自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的家庭中，婴儿兄弟姐妹患ASD和其他发育问题（包括更广泛的自闭症表型（BAP））的风险更高。通常，BAP使用标准化的发展评估进行索引；然而，这些措施并没有捕捉到一些通常与BAP相关的社会困难。本研究旨在通过比较表现出BAP的儿童与正常发展的同龄人，(a)标准化的发展措施，以及(b)在二元游戏互动中表现出的社会行为，扩大我们对BAP的发展理解。作为前瞻性研究的一部分，研究人员从至少有一个较大的孩子患有ASD的家庭（高风险，n = 36）和没有ASD病史的家庭（低风险，n = 38）中招募了二人组。在12个月、15个月、18个月和24个月的实验室访问期间，婴儿完成了一系列标准化评估和母婴游戏互动。对二元游戏互动进行微观分析编码，包括凝视、积极影响和发声，以创建理论驱动的组合，以索引二元同步和响应性。视频也被编码为现有的共同参与和儿童响应的评级方案。多水平模型揭示了前2年内在选择构念上的显著组间差异。语言和认知差异在24个月大时出现，而二元差异早在15个月时就很明显了。认识到对高风险干预措施的需求日益增加，这些发现强调了几种社会结构，通过这些社会结构，干预措施可以识别风险并促进最佳发展。在养育自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的家庭中，年幼的兄弟姐妹出现社交和发育困难的风险增加，这是自闭症更广泛表型的特征。本研究探讨了2岁前社会、语言和认知差异的出现。社交差异早在15个月大的时候就很明显了，而语言和认知差异在24个月大的时候就出现了。对于ASD患儿的兄弟姐妹，ASD亚临床特征的一些最早的行为标志在生命的头两年就很明显了。
In families raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), infant siblings are at elevated risk for ASD and other developmental concerns, including elements of the broader autism phenotype (BAP). Typically, the BAP is indexed using standardized developmental assessments; however, these measures do not capture a number of social difficulties commonly associated with the BAP. The present study aims to expand our developmental understanding of the BAP by comparing children exhibiting the BAP to their typically developing peers on, (a) standardized measures of development, and (b) social behaviors exhibited during dyadic play interactions. As part of a prospective study, dyads were recruited from families with at least one older child with ASD (high-risk, n = 36), and families with no history of ASD (low-risk, n = 38). During laboratory visits at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of age, infants completed a series of standardized assessments and a mother-child play interaction. Dyadic play interactions were micro-analytically coded for gaze, positive affect, and vocalizations to create theory-driven composites to index dyadic synchrony and responsiveness. Videos were also coded with an existing rating scheme for joint engagement and child responsiveness. Multilevel models revealed significant group differences on select constructs within the first 2 years. Language and cognitive differences emerged by 24 months of age, whereas dyadic differences were evident as early as 15 months. Recognizing the increasing demand for elevated-risk interventions, these findings highlight several social constructs through which interventions may identify risk and promote optimal development. Autism Res 2019, 12: 469-481 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn families raising children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), younger siblings are at an increased risk for social and developmental difficulties that characterize a broader autism phenotype. The present study explored the emergence of social, language, and cognitive differences in the first 2 years of life. Social differences were evident as early as 15 months of age for several play-based measures, and language and cognitive differences emerged by 24 months of age. For infant siblings of children with ASD, some of the earliest behavioral marks for subclinical features of ASD are evident within the first 2 years of life.