Health problems and medical utilization associated with gambling disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Health problems and medical utilization associated with gambling disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
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DOI：
10.1097/01.psy.0000238466.76172.cd
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Petry, Nancy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morasco, Benjamin J.;Pietrzak, Robert H.;Petry, Nancy M.
目的：病理性赌博被认为与不良的健康后果有关，但以前的研究没有严格评估这些关系。我们试图研究与问题和病理性赌博相关的医疗障碍和卫生服务利用。方法：在2001年至2002年全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查中，共对43,093名18岁及以上的成年人进行了评估。自我报告的医疗诊断和过去一年使用的医疗服务进行了评估。结果如下：病态赌徒比低风险个体更容易被诊断为心动过速（比值比[OR] = 1.77; 95%置信区间[CI] = 1.05-2.97），心绞痛（OR = 2.35; 95%CI = 1.33-4.15）、肝硬化（OR = 3.90; 95%CI = 1.11-13.72）和其他肝脏疾病（OR = 2.98; 95%CI = 1.07-8.26）。赌博的严重程度也与较高的医疗利用率相关，病理性赌徒比低风险个体更有可能在调查前一年在急诊室接受治疗（OR = 1.98; 95%CI = 1.27-3.09）。即使在控制了人口统计学特征（年龄，性别，种族，婚姻状况，教育，收入和国家地区）和行为风险因素（如体重指数，酒精滥用和依赖，尼古丁依赖，情绪和焦虑症）后，赌博严重程度的显着影响仍然存在。结论：病理性赌博的终身诊断与几种医学疾病和增加的医疗利用有关，可能导致美国医疗保健费用的负担。
Objective: Pathologic gambling is believed to be associated with adverse health consequences, but no prior studies have rigorously evaluated these relationships. We sought to examine medical disorders and health service utilization associated with problem and pathologic gambling. Method: A total of 43,093 adults aged 18 years and older were evaluated in the 2001 to 2002 National Epiderniologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Self-reported medical diagnoses and past-year medical services used were assessed. Results: Pathologic gamblers were more likely than low-risk individuals to have been diagnosed with tachycardia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-2.97), angina (OR = 2.35; 95% Cl = 1.33-4.15), cirrhosis (OR = 3.90; 95% CI = 1.11-13.72), and other liver disease (OR = 2.98; 95% Cl = 1.07-8.26). Gambling severity was also associated with higher rates of medical utilization with pathologic gamblers more likely than low-risk individuals to have been treated in the emergency room in the year before the survey (OR = 1.98; 95% Cl = 1.27-3.09). Significant effects of gambling severity remained even after controlling for demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and region of the country) and behavioral risk factors such as body mass index, alcohol abuse and dependence, nicotine dependence, and mood and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: A lifetime diagnosis of pathologic gambling is associated with several medical disorders and increased medical utilization, perhaps leading to a burden on healthcare costs in the United States.