The outcome of shared pollination services is affected by the density and spatial pattern of an attractive neighbour
The outcome of shared pollination services is affected by the density and spatial pattern of an attractive neighbour
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12256
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发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
M. Seifan;Eva‐Maria Hoch;S. Hanoteaux;K. Tielbörger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Seifan;Eva‐Maria Hoch;S. Hanoteaux;K. Tielbörger
相邻植物之间的相互作用通常通过取食传粉者的选择来调节。例如，一个显眼物种的存在可能会增加吸引到其附近的传粉者的数量，间接增加对邻近植物的访问率。由于传粉者的选择往往依赖于密度，高密度的显眼物种的存在也可能增加对授粉服务的竞争。此外，模型预测植物密度将与空间分布相互作用，以操纵传粉者的行为，但缺乏这种影响的实验证据。我们进行了一项田间试验，我们以全因子的方式将一个不同密度和空间构型的非常显眼的物种引入到物种丰富的草甸中，并研究其对邻近植物的影响。我们发现，这种非常显眼的物种极大地促进了其本地斑块的吸引力，从而使其邻居受益。然而，由于强烈的密度效应，随着密度的增加，显性物种的作用发生了变化，成为传粉者的竞争对手。我们支持我们的理论假设，并表明，当引入的显眼物种在斑块中的其他植物中有规律地分布时，相对于其聚集时，至少在低密度下，它增加了对显眼邻居的访问率，在某些情况下还增加了种子结实率。综合。我们认为，斑块尺度上植物物种密度和空间分布之间的复杂相互作用与传粉者行为的解释高度相关，因此在未来的研究中应将其视为花卉吸引力的因素。
Interactions among neighbouring plants are often mediated by foraging choices of pollinators. For example, the presence of a conspicuous species may increase the number of pollinators attracted to its vicinity, indirectly increasing visitation rates also to neighbouring plants. Because pollinator choices are frequently density‐dependent, the presence of a conspicuous species at high densities may also increase competition for pollination services. Additionally, models predict that plant density will interact with spatial distribution in manipulating the pollinator behaviour, yet experimental evidence for this effect is missing. We performed a field experiment in which we introduced a highly conspicuous species in different densities and spatial configurations in a full‐factorial manner into a species‐rich meadow and studied its effect on neighbouring plants. We showed that the highly conspicuous species strongly contributed to the attractiveness of its local patch and thus benefited its neighbours. However, because of the strong density effect, the conspicuous species changed its role and became a competitor for pollinators when its density increased. We supported our theoretical assumptions and showed that when the introduced conspicuous species was regularly distributed among other plants in the patch, it increased visitation rate, and in some cases also seed set, to conspicuous neighbours relative to when it was aggregated, at least at low densities. Synthesis. We suggest that complex interactions between density and spatial distribution of plant species at the patch scale are highly relevant for the interpretation of pollinator behaviour and therefore should be treated as factors of floral attractiveness in future studies.