Iron deficiency in pyrrhotite of suevites from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, USA—A consequence of shock metamorphism?

Iron deficiency in pyrrhotite of suevites from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater, USA—A consequence of shock metamorphism?
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美国切萨皮克湾陨石坑的磁黄铁矿中缺铁——冲击变质作用的结果?

DOI:
10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01329.x
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Langenhorst
Langenhorst
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harries;Kontny;Langenhorst

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切萨皮克湾(Chesapeake Bay) 35 Ma冲击构造(CBIS)的苏威岩磁黄铁矿表现出冲击变质作用,并报道了其矿物学和磁学特征。磁黄铁矿表现出强烈的脆性变形,层错密度高,平行于六边形(001)面孪晶,平均断层距离约为10 nm。虽然由于晶格缺陷而无法确定上层结构,但可以清楚地检测到NiAs亚胞的反射,这是所有磁黄铁矿修饰的典型特征。该相为铁磁相,居里温度在350 ~ 365℃之间,而该相的硫化钾不表现为34 K跃迁。最奇特的特征是低金属硫比为0.81,表明其空位浓度明显高于4C磁黄铁矿,组成接近于smythite (Fe9S11)。这一相具有稳定的自然剩余磁化强度,具有相对较硬的磁性。然而,自然剩余磁化矢量的陡峭倾斜表明,该阶段已在钻井过程中被重新磁化。一种可能的解释是,无缺陷区域的磁畴尺寸约为直径10 nm,这是单畴尺寸的下限,接近阈值,低于阈值会发生超顺磁行为。该相的低热稳定性排除了300°C以上的冲击后加热,以提高CBIS的安全性。我们的研究结果表明缺铁磁黄铁矿是由激波变质作用产生的,尽管以前从未报道过磁黄铁矿因激波而损失铁。
Pyrrhotite from suevite of the 35 Ma Chesapeake Bay impact structure (CBIS) shows a shock metamorphism and we report on several mineralogical and magnetic features. Pyrrhotite shows strong brittle deformation with a high density of stacking faults, twinning parallel to the hexagonal (001) planes and average fault distances in the order of 10 nm. Although the determination of a superstructure was not possible due to the lattice defects, the reflections of the NiAs subcell, which is typical of all pyrrhotite modifications, were clearly detected. This phase is ferrimagnetic with a Curie temperature (TC) between 350 and 365 °C, and suevite with this phase does not show the 34 K transition. The most peculiar feature is the low metal/sulfur ratio of 0.81, which indicates a distinctly higher vacancy concentration than for 4C pyrrhotite and a composition close to smythite (Fe9S11). This phase carries a stable natural remanent magnetization and is relatively hard magnetic. Steep inclinations of the natural remanent magnetization vector, however, suggest that this phase has been remagnetized by the drilling process. A possible explanation is the magnetic domain size of faultless areas of about 10 nm in diameter, which is at the lower limit of the single domain size near the threshold, below which superparamagnetic behavior occurs. The low thermal stability of this phase excludes postshock heating above 300 °C for the suevite of the CBIS. Our results imply that the iron‐deficient pyrrhotite is produced by shock metamorphism, although an iron loss due to shock has never been reported before for pyrrhotite.
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