Dosage Compensation in Mammals
Dosage Compensation in Mammals
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a019406
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Turner, Bryan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brockdorff, Neil;Turner, Bryan M.
许多生物体的染色体在两性之间有很大的差异。在哺乳动物中，雌性有两个大的、基因丰富的染色体X，而雄性有一个X和一个小的、基因贫乏的Y。如果不通过剂量补偿来处理，数百个基因表达的不平衡是致命的。雄性与雌性的差异是通过在发育早期沉默一个雌性X上的基因来解决的。然而，男性和女性现在都只有一条活跃的X染色体。这通过活性X上基因的双重上调来补偿。这个复杂的系统继续提供重要的见解表观遗传调控机制。
Many organisms show major chromosomal differences between sexes. In mammals, females have two copies of a large, gene-rich chromosome, the X, whereas males have one X and a small, gene-poor Y. The imbalance in expression of several hundred genes is lethal if not dealt with by dosage compensation. The male-female difference is addressed by silencing of genes on one female X early in development. However, both males and females now have only one active X chromosome. This is compensated by twofold up-regulation of genes on the active X. This complex system continues to provide important insights into mechanisms of epigenetic regulation.