Linear-scaling density functional theory simulations of polar semiconductor nanorods

Linear-scaling density functional theory simulations of polar semiconductor nanorods
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极性半导体纳米棒的线性尺度密度泛函理论模拟

DOI:
10.1088/1742-6596/367/1/012002
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Conference Series
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hine N
Hine N
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hine N

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纤锌矿结构中的二元极性半导体可以以沿纤锌矿[0001]方向沿着排列的纳米棒的形式生长。在这样的结构中,已经在实验中观察到非常大的偶极矩。我们研究了GaAs纳米棒中的电荷分布,从而阐明了偶极矩的来源。为了接触现实的实验机制,我们需要对数千个原子的系统进行建模,这需要使用DFT的线性标度公式。我们使用ONETEP代码,它结合了O(N)计算工作量和平面波精度的优点。我们发现,纳米棒的偶极矩的方向和大小,以及它的电场,敏感地依赖于它的表面是如何终止的,并不强烈依赖于底层晶格的自发极化。此外,我们观察到,一个孤立的纳米棒的费米能级总是与一个显着的密度在极性表面的电子表面状态,这是中间的间隙状态或带边状态。这些状态钉扎费米能级,因此固定了杆两端的电势差。我们提供的证据表明,这种效应可以对纳米棒的极性产生决定性的影响,并对棒响应其表面化学变化的方式产生影响。
Binary polar semiconductors in the wurtzite structure can be grown in the form of nanorods aligned along the wurtzite [0001] direction. In such structures, very large dipole moments have been observed experimentally. We have studied the distribution of charge in GaAs nanorods, so as to elucidate the origin of the dipole moments. To make contact with the realistic experimental regime, we need to model systems of several thousand atoms, necessitating the use of a Linear-Scaling formulation of DFT. We use the ONETEP code, which combines the benefits of O (N) computational effort and plane-wave accuracy. We show that both the direction and magnitude of the dipole moment of a nanorod, and its electric field, depend sensitively on how its surfaces are terminated and do not depend strongly on the spontaneous polarization of the underlying lattice. Furthermore, we observe that the Fermi level for an isolated nanorod always coincides with a significant density of electronic surface states at the polar surfaces, which are either mid-gap states or band-edge states. These states pin the Fermi level, and therefore fix the potential difference across the rod. We provide evidence that this effect can have a determining influence on the polarity of nanorods, and has consequences for the way a rod responds to changes in its surface chemistry.
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