Soviet Nostalgia and Russian Politics
Soviet Nostalgia and Russian Politics
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苏联怀旧与俄罗斯政治
DOI：
10.1016/j.euras.2009.11.003
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
White S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White S
共产党的统治并没有在1989年或1991年突然结束。对许多人来说，至少在俄罗斯，没有根本的分裂，而是一个复杂的演变，其中许多前统治集团和苏联时期的许多价值观保持不变。根据全国代表性调查的证据，对联盟国家原则的支持程度一直很高。在2008年的调查中，超过一半（57%）的人基本或完全同意苏联的解体是一场“灾难”，近三分之二（64%）的人认为建立了独立国家联合体的前苏联共和国应该重建一个单一的国家，或者至少更密切地合作。在俄罗斯、乌克兰和白俄罗斯这三个斯拉夫共和国，就业得到了保障，这被视为旧政权最积极的特征，而经济停滞则是其最严重的缺点。将现在和他们回忆的苏联时期进行比较，普通俄罗斯人认为他们有更多的机会实践宗教，表达他们的观点。但是普通人（在他们自己看来）对公共政策的制定并没有比共产主义时期更多的影响力，他们认为他们不太可能得到政府的公平和平等对待。在其他变量保持不变的情况下，年龄和生活水平是苏联怀旧情绪最有力的预测因素。怀旧者更有可能支持左翼政党，或者至少是那些支持公有制、苏维埃或“更民主的苏维埃”政府制度以及前苏联加盟共和国之间更紧密联系的政党;他们不太可能支持那些支持独联体解体、完全市场经济或西方式民主的政党。
Communist rule did not end suddenly in 1989, or in 1991. And for many, at least in Russia, there was no radical break but a complex evolution in which many of the former ruling group, and many of the values of the Soviet period, remained intact. According to the evidence of national representative surveys, levels of support for the principle of a union state have consistently been very high. In 2008 survey, more than half (57%) largely or entirely agreed that the demise of the USSR had been a ‘disaster’, and nearly two-thirds (64%) thought the former Soviet republics that had established a Commonwealth of Independent States should reconstitute a single state or at least cooperate more closely. Across the three Slavic republics, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, it was guaranteed employment that was seen as the most positive feature of the old regime, and economic stagnation as its most serious shortcoming. Comparing the present and the Soviet period as they recalled it, ordinary Russians thought they had more opportunity to practise a religion, and to express their opinions. But ordinary people had (in their own view) no more influence over the making of public policy than in the communist period, and they thought they were less likely to be treated fairly and equally by government. Age and living standards were the most powerful predictors of Soviet nostalgia when other variables were held constant. Nostalgics were much more likely to support parties of the left, or at least those that favoured public ownership, a Soviet or ‘more democratic Soviet’ system of government, and a closer association among the former Soviet republics; they were much less likely to support the parties that favoured the dissolution of the CIS, a wholly market economy, or Western-style democracy.