A PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL MODEL OF TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER
A PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL MODEL OF TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008
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发表时间：
1993-12-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
PRZYBECK, TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CLONINGER, CR;SVRAKIC, DM;PRZYBECK, TR
在这项研究中，我们描述了一个心理生物学模型的结构和发展的个性，占气质和性格的尺寸。先前的研究已经证实了气质的四个维度：新奇寻求，伤害避免，奖励依赖和持久性，这是独立遗传的，在生命早期表现出来，并涉及知觉记忆和习惯形成的前概念偏见。这是第一次，我们描述了三个维度的性格，在成年期成熟，并影响个人和社会的有效性，通过洞察力学习自我概念。自我概念的不同取决于一个人在多大程度上将自我认同为（1）一个自主的个体，（2）人类的一个组成部分，（3）整个宇宙的一个组成部分。自我概念的每个方面分别对应于三个性格维度中的一个，即自我导向、合作性和自我超越。我们还描述了这些方面的自我报告措施，气质和性格清单的概念背景和发展。来自普通人群的300个个体的数据支持这七个人格维度的可靠性和结构。我们讨论的信息处理，遗传，发展，诊断和治疗的研究的影响。
In this study, we describe a psychobiological model of the structure and development of personality that accounts for dimensions of both temperament and character. Previous research has confirmed four dimensions of temperament: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence, which are independently heritable, manifest early in life, and involve preconceptual biases in perceptual memory and habit formation. For the first time, we describe three dimensions of character that mature in adulthood and influence personal and social effectiveness by insight learning about self-concepts. Self-concepts vary according to the extent to which a person identifies the self as (1) an autonomous individual, (2) an integral part of humanity, and (3) an integral part of the universe as a whole. Each aspect of self-concept corresponds to one of three character dimensions called self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence, respectively. We also describe the conceptual background and development of a self-report measure of these dimensions, the Temperament and Character Inventory. Data on 300 individuals from the general population support the reliability and structure of these seven personality dimensions. We discuss the implications for studies of information processing, inheritance, development, diagnosis, and treatment.