Understanding Visual Attention With RAGNAROC: A Reflexive Attention Gradient Through Neural AttRactOr Competition
Understanding Visual Attention With RAGNAROC: A Reflexive Attention Gradient Through Neural AttRactOr Competition
复制标题
使用 RAGNAROC 理解视觉注意力：通过神经 AttRactOr 竞赛的反射性注意力梯度。
DOI：
10.1037/rev0000245
复制
发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bowman，Howard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wyble，Brad;Callahan-Flintoft，Chloe;Bowman，Howard
对于任何感知系统来说，一个典型的挑战是需要专注于与任务相关的信息，而不被意想不到的重要信息所蒙蔽。人类视觉系统结合了几种解决方案来应对这一挑战，其中之一是反射性内隐注意系统，它对新信息的物理显著性和任务相关性都能迅速做出反应。本文提出了一个模型，模拟行为和神经相关的反射性注意力的产品，简短的神经吸引子状态，形成跨视觉层次的注意力时，从事。这种吸引子来自分布在地形组织的神经元群体上的注意力梯度，并且用于将处理集中在视野中的1个或多个位置处，同时抑制对较低优先级信息的处理。该模型走向解决关键的争论的性质，反射性注意，如它是并行或串行，以及是否抑制效应分布在空间环境中，或选择性地在位置的干扰。该模型还开发了一个框架，用于理解视觉注意力的神经机制作为层次结构内的空间决策过程，并将它们与可观察到的相关性，如准确性，反应时间（RT），以及脑电图（EEG）的N2PC和PD组件。这最后一个贡献对于修复我们对注意力的行为和神经相关性的理解之间存在的脱节是最关键的。
A quintessential challenge for any perceptual system is the need to focus on task-relevant information without being blindsided by unexpected, yet important information. The human visual system incorporates several solutions to this challenge, 1 of which is a reflexive covert attention system that is rapidly responsive to both the physical salience and the task-relevance of new information. This article presents a model that simulates behavioral and neural correlates of reflexive attention as the product of brief neural attractor states that are formed across the visual hierarchy when attention is engaged. Such attractors emerge from an attentional gradient distributed over a population of topographically organized neurons and serve to focus processing at 1 or more locations in the visual field, while inhibiting the processing of lower priority information. The model moves toward a resolution of key debates about the nature of reflexive attention, such as whether it is parallel or serial, and whether suppression effects are distributed in a spatial surround, or selectively at the location of distractors. The model also develops a framework for understanding the neural mechanisms of visual attention as a spatiotopic decision process within a hierarchy and links them to observable correlates such as accuracy, reaction time (RT), and the N2pc and P D components of the electroencephalogram (EEG). This last contribution is the most crucial for repairing the disconnect that exists between our understanding of behavioral and neural correlates of attention.