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DOI：
10.1192/s0140078900025244
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
L. Leighton
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作者：
L. Leighton
需求侧管理（DSM）的目的之一是减少由于消费者的日常消费行为而产生的峰值负荷。这可以通过为需求扁平化引入动态定价来实现。然而，不协调的消费者反应可能导致“羊群效应”，即大多数消费者将他们的电力消耗调整到相同的廉价时段（因此，创造新的峰值）。为了克服这一问题，本文探讨了分配消费者非统一参与率的策略。我们采用一种通用方法来找到参与率的近乎最优分布设置，该设置可以根据DSM设计者的目标进行调整。仿真实验表明，与已有的文献相比，我们的方法是非常有效的。此外，我们在非平稳环境中评估我们的方法，当消费者每天都在改变他们的消费行为时。为了最大限度地提高消费者的便利性，我们还提出了另一种方法，将低参与率分配给更多的消费者（这意味着消费计划的变化频率更低）。基于我们的方法，DSM设计人员能够根据性能或用户便利性调整他们的系统。
One of the purposes of Demand Side Management (DSM) is to reduce peak loads due to consumers' daily consumption behavior. This can be achieved by introducing dynamic pricing for demand flattening. However, uncoordinated consumer response may lead to a “herding effect”, where the majority of consumers adjust their electricity consumption toward the same cheap time slots (hence, creating new peaks). To overcome this problem, in this paper, we explore strategies of assigning non-uniform participation rates to consumers. We employ a generic method to find a nearly-optimal distribution setting for participation rates, which can be tuned based on DSM designer's objective. Based on simulation experiments, we show that our approach is very effective as compared with existing ones in the literature. Moreover, we evaluate our approach in nonstationary environment, when consumers change their consumption behavior from day to day. In order to maximize consumer convenience, we also propose another method that assigns low participation rates to more consumers (which means less-frequent changes in consumption schedules). Based on our methods, DSM designers are able to tune their systems toward performance or consumer convenience.