Mechanisms of innate immune evasion in re-emerging RNA viruses.
Mechanisms of innate immune evasion in re-emerging RNA viruses.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coviro.2015.02.005
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Suthar, Mehul S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Daphne Y.;Suthar, Mehul S.
RNA病毒通过掩蔽病毒PAMP并在囊泡内复制来被动逃避宿主检测。许多新出现的病毒具有多种先天免疫逃避策略。已经发现病毒拮抗剂靶向模式识别受体和干扰素信号传导途径。宿主-病原体相互作用的知识对于疫苗/治疗开发和理解先天免疫至关重要。最近爆发的埃博拉病毒、西尼罗河病毒、基孔肯雅病毒、中东呼吸道病毒和其他新出现/重新出现的RNA病毒继续强调需要进一步了解控制疾病严重程度和感染结果的病毒-宿主相互作用。作为早期宿主抗病毒防御的一部分，先天免疫系统介导病原体识别和启动有效的抗病毒程序，其用于限制病毒复制、限制病毒传播和激活适应性免疫应答。一致地，病毒病原体已经进化出几种策略来抵消病原体识别和细胞内在的抗病毒应答。在这篇综述中，我们强调了新出现和重新出现的RNA病毒的先天免疫逃避的主要机制，重点关注对公共卫生构成重大风险的病原体。
RNA viruses passively evade host detection by masking viral PAMPs and replicating within vesicles. Many emerging viruses harbor multiple strategies for innate immune evasion. Viral antagonists have been found to target the pattern recognition receptor and interferon signaling pathways. Knowledge of host–pathogen interactions is essential for vaccine/therapeutic development and understanding innate immunity. Recent outbreaks of Ebola, West Nile, Chikungunya, Middle Eastern Respiratory and other emerging/re-emerging RNA viruses continue to highlight the need to further understand the virus–host interactions that govern disease severity and infection outcome. As part of the early host antiviral defense, the innate immune system mediates pathogen recognition and initiation of potent antiviral programs that serve to limit virus replication, limit virus spread and activate adaptive immune responses. Concordantly, viral pathogens have evolved several strategies to counteract pathogen recognition and cell-intrinsic antiviral responses. In this review, we highlight the major mechanisms of innate immune evasion by emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses, focusing on pathogens that pose significant risk to public health.
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