Hydrothermal exploration with the Autonomous Benthic Explorer
Hydrothermal exploration with the Autonomous Benthic Explorer
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.004
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Nakamura, Ko-ichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
German, Christopher R.;Yoerger, Dana R.;Nakamura, Ko-ichi
我们描述了一个三阶段使用的伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的自主海底探测器（ABE），定位，地图和照片以前未被发现的领域的高温海底热液喷口。我们的方法代表了对现有技术的补充和超越现有技术的重大进步。以前，热液勘探依赖于配备传感器的深拖仪器，这些传感器可以在几公里内定位活跃的“黑烟”喷口。随后的CTD拖缆可以将海底排气的位置分辨到不到一公里的长度尺度，但很少能分辨到超过几百米。在我们的新方法中，ABE：㈠使用传感器确定海底上方100- 400米处分散的非浮力热液羽流的中心; ㈡绘制羽流中心下方海底的高分辨率地图，同时探测是否拦截到任何上升的浮力热液羽流;以及（iii）潜水到海底，在任何新的喷口及其周围拍摄照片，以描述其地质环境，并揭示任何可能的化学合成生态系统的性质。主持人通过在长基线导航下进行上述所有工作，可以在5英寸范围内确定排气的精确位置。我们的方法既可用于解决重要的科学问题本身，并确保更有效地利用其他深潜资产，如载人潜水器（HOV）和遥控潜水器（ROV）在后续研究。(C)2007年由Elsevier Ltd.出版
We describe a three-phase use of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE), to locate, map and photograph previously undiscovered fields of high temperature submarine hydrothermal vents. Our approach represents both a complement to and a significant advance beyond the prior state of the art. Previously, hydrothermal exploration relied upon deep-tow instruments equipped with sensors that could locate sites of active "black smoker" venting to within a few kilometers. Follow-on CTD tow-yos could then resolve the sites of seafloor venting to length scales of less than a kilometer but rarely to better than a few hundreds of meters. In our new approach ABE: (i) uses sensors to locate the center of a dispersing non-buoyant hydrothermal plume 100-400m above the seabed; (ii) makes high-resolution maps of the seafloor beneath the plume center whilst simultaneously detecting interception of any rising, buoyant hydrothermal Plumes; and (iii) dives to the seafloor to take photographs in and around any new vent site to characterize its geologic setting and reveal the nature of any chemosynthetic ecosystems it may host. By conducting all of the above under long-baseline navigation, precise sites of venting can be determined to within 5 in. Our approach can be used both to address important scientific issues in their own right and to ensure much more efficient use of other deep-submergence assets such as human occupied vehicles (HOVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) during follow-on studies. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.