Risk perception during urban cycling: An assessment of crowdsourced and authoritative data.
Risk perception during urban cycling: An assessment of crowdsourced and authoritative data.
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城市骑行期间的风险认知：对众包和权威数据的评估。
DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2018.09.009
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
J. Krukar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rul von Stülpnagel;J. Krukar
在城市自行车的主观风险感知主要是通过问卷调查研究。然而，新的可用数据源承诺扩大的可能性，调查和了解的根本因素。我们验证了使用机会主义可用的众包数据（即，志愿者地理信息或VGI）以及更成熟但很少调查的权威数据作为主观骑自行车风险的预测因素。我们通过将从两个不同的德国城市的VGI和权威数据中提取的自行车风险指标与基于实验室的虚拟现实实验中评估的参与者风险估计相关联来实现这一目标。在案例1中，15名参与者（大部分是平均年龄为22岁的本科生;其中9名女性）作为代表频繁和有经验的骑自行车者的样本进行了测试，但不熟悉19个测试地点，不太可能受到虚拟现实设置的影响。在案例2中，24名新参与者（大多数是本科生;平均年龄24岁;其中13名女性）是经验丰富的自行车运动员，大多熟悉位于其居住城市的40个测试地点。对于这两种情况，我们的研究结果提供了证据表明，从VGI提取的参数（例如，贡献的语义严重性和其他公民的接收）以及来自权威数据源（例如，事故统计或空间风险测量）代表了在特定位置骑自行车的主观感知风险的有效指标。在此验证的基础上，未来的研究可以使用这些数据源，更详细地调查在城市自行车的风险感知的来源。
Subjective risk perception during urban cycling has been mostly investigated through questionnaire studies. However, newly available data sources promise extended possibilities for the investigation and understanding of the underlying factors. We validate the rationale for using both opportunistically available crowd-sourced data (i.e., volunteered geographic information or VGI) as well as more established but rarely investigated authoritative data as predictors of subjective cycling risk. We achieve this by correlating indicators of cycling risk extracted from both VGI and authoritative data for two different German cities with participants’ risk estimates assessed in laboratory-based virtual reality experiments. In Case 1, 15 participants (mostly undergraduate students with a mean age of 22 years old; nine of them females) were tested as a sample representing frequent and experienced cyclists, but unfamiliar with the 19 tested locations and less likely to be affected by the virtual reality setup. In Case 2, 24 new participants (mostly undergraduate students; mean age 24 years; 13 of them females) were experienced cyclists and mostly familiar with the 40 test locations located in their city of residence. For both cases, our findings provide evidence that parameters extracted from VGI (e.g., the semantic severity of the contribution and the reception by other citizens) as well as from authoritative data sources (e.g., accident statistics or Space Syntax measures) represent valid indicators for the subjectively perceived risk of cycling at a specific location. On the basis of this validation, future research can use these data sources to investigate the sources of risk perception during urban cycling in greater detail.