Impacts of Aeolian Desertification and Dust Storms on Ecosystems, Economic Development, and Human Health
Impacts of Aeolian Desertification and Dust Storms on Ecosystems, Economic Development, and Human Health
复制标题
风沙化和沙尘暴对生态系统、经济发展和人类健康的影响
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-16-9028-0_6
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Otani Shinji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurosaki Yasunori;Kinugasa Toshihiko;Nyamtseren Mandakh;Liu Shulin;Otani Shinji
风沙荒漠化对生态系统、农业、工业、交通运输和人类健康都有影响，这些影响是由风蚀、泥沙淤积、沙尘暴(SDSS)和空气中细小的粉尘颗粒造成的。6.1节将根据腐蚀性和可腐蚀性解释SDS的发生机理。这一部分还介绍了特别提款权的季节性、从1990年代到本世纪头十年其使用频次的增加情况，以及增加的原因。第6.2节描述了风沙荒漠化对生态系统的影响。在风蚀方面，风吹沙粒会对植物造成身体伤害。此外，风蚀会带走土壤，从而使根部暴露在空气中。泥沙淤积增加了草的死亡率，扩大了可侵蚀地表的面积；结果，荒漠化加速。第6.3节提供了中国风沙荒漠化的各种具体例子。举例说明了风沙荒漠化的进展及其对农业、工业和交通运输的影响。第6.4节阐述了风沙荒漠化对沙尘源区和下风区人类健康的影响。SDSS可能是一种灾难，只发生在粉尘来源地区，并导致人员伤亡。空气中的细颗粒物在这两个地区都会导致心血管和呼吸系统疾病。
Aeolian desertification has impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, industry, transportation, and human health, and these impacts are caused by wind erosion, sediment deposition, sand-dust storms (SDSs), and fine airborne dust particles. Section 6.1 will explain the mechanism of SDS occurrence based on erosivity and erodibility. This section also describes the seasonality of SDSs, the increase in their frequency from the 1990s to 2000s, and the reasons for this increase. Section 6.2 describes the impacts of aeolian desertification on ecosystems. In terms of wind erosion, windblown sand particles physically injure plants. In addition, wind erosion removes soil and thereby exposes roots to the air. Sediment deposition enhances grass mortality and expands the area of erodible land surfaces; as a result, desertification accelerates. Section 6.3 provides a variety of concrete examples of aeolian desertification in China. Examples show the progress of aeolian desertification and its effects on agriculture, industry, and transportation. Section 6.4 explains the impacts of aeolian desertification on human health in dust source regions and downwind regions. SDSs, which can be disasters, occur only in dust source regions and lead to deaths and injuries. Fine airborne particles cause cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in both regions.