Factors Driving Temporal and Spatial Variation in Aquatic Floodplain Food Webs
Factors Driving Temporal and Spatial Variation in Aquatic Floodplain Food Webs
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DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4615-7007-3_29
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发表时间:
1996
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
K. Winemiller
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Winemiller
The early literature on food webs makes few distinctions between local and regional ecosystems and processes. Leaving aside other problems (Cohen et al., 1990; Winemiller, 1990; Pimm et al., 1991; Yodzis, 1992), a major shortcoming of food web descriptions until recently was the omission of temporal and spatial variation. Kitching (1987) showed that food web structure varied among relatively simple aquatic communities in pitcher plants. Neotropical aquatic food webs have large seasonal variation in the numbers of species, predator-prey interactions, and numerous food web statistics (Winemiller, 1990). Aquatic food webs in both the tropics (Winemiller, 1990) and temperate latitudes (Warren, 1989) show small-scale spatial variation in food web structure. Recently, ecology has witnessed a greater recognition of temporal variation in ecological patterns and processes, and the interplay between species assemblages with local ecosystems and regional biotas with landscapes (Brown, 1984; Menge and Sutherland, 1987; Collins and Glenn, 1991; Wilson, 1992; Holt, 1993; Polis et al., this volume). In addition to the spatiotemporal dynamics of predator-prey interactions, food web structure and function are influenced by other factors that change species relative abundances and distributions. A basic model of spatiotemporal food web variation must integrate habitat disturbance, succession, and life history strategies in addition to predator-prey interactions (Figure 28.1). This chapter examines spatial and temporal variation in food webs of lowland rivers and floodplains, and shows that periodic disturbance, geomorphic processes, life histories, and food web dynamics interact to produce a fairly predictable ecosystem succession in foodplains on three continents.