Science, statistics and surveys: a herpetological perspective.
Science, statistics and surveys: a herpetological perspective.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12463
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sewell D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Griffiths RA;Foster J;Wilkinson JW;Sewell D
弥合保护科学与保护实践之间的差距是应用生态学中广泛认可的问题（Hulme 2011）。最大的差距莫过于数据收集、分析和解释领域。为保护而进行的种群评估往往是基于传统做法，即使用经验法则和准定量方法。这意味着，具有深远保护、商业和财政影响的重要决定往往基于粗略的人口评估。这对身体小、隐蔽的动物来说尤其成问题，因为它们的行为模式与主要的天气条件有很强的季节性联系，两栖动物和爬行动物就是一个很好的例子，它们说明了许多对生物多样性评估有更广泛影响的问题。尽管在过去的二十年里，人们对这些动物的保护重新产生了兴趣（Gibbons等人，2000年），但在获得足够可靠的两栖动物和爬行动物种群数据以指导保护决策方面仍然存在重大挑战。即使是在英国，尽管对爬行动物区系的研究相对较好，但调查通常基于世纪以来几乎没有变化的方法。例如，大冠蝾螈Triturus cristatus种群可以通过基于简单计数的系统进行评分（表1）。当此类计数作为许可调查的一部分进行时，为缓解开发影响提供建议，需要将此类计数标准化并记录火炬功率和水浊度等变量。然而，仍有许多因地点而异和因调查而异的变量会影响这种计数，特别是在可能不需要标准化的更广泛的调查中（施密特，2003年）。因此，许多
Bridging the gap between conservation science and conservation practice is a widely acknowledged issue in applied ecology (Hulme 2011). Nowhere is the gap greater than in the area of data collection, analysis and interpretation. Population assessments for conservation are frequently based on traditional practices that use rules of thumb and quasi-quantitative methods. This means that important decisions that have far-reaching conservation, and commercial and financial implications are often based on sketchy population assessments. This is particularly problematic for small-bodied, cryptic animals that have highly seasonal patterns of behaviour tied to prevailing weather conditions.Amphibians and reptiles are a case in point and illustrate many issues that have wider implications for biodiversity assessment. Despite a resurgence of interest in the conservation of these animals over the past two decades (Gibbons et al. 2000), there remain significant challenges in obtaining population data for amphibians and reptiles that are reliable enough to inform conservation decisions. Even in the UK, which has an impoverished herpetofauna that is relatively well studied, surveys are usually based on methods that have changed little over a quarter of a century. For example, great crested newt Triturus cristatus populations can be scored by systems based on simple counts (Table 1). When such counts are carried out as part of a licensed survey to inform recommendations for development impact mitigation, there is a requirement to standardize such counts and record such variables as torch power and water turbidity. However, there remains a multitude of site-specific and survey-specific variables that can affect such counts, particularly in wider surveys where standardization may not be required (Schmidt 2003). Consequently, many