How the bat got its buzz
How the bat got its buzz
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2012.1031
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发表时间：
2013-04-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Surlykke, Annemarie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ratcliffe, John M.;Elemans, Coen P. H.;Surlykke, Annemarie
自从在蝙蝠身上发现回声定位以来，对飞行昆虫攻击的最后阶段，“终端嗡嗡声”，已经被证明是神秘的。在嗡嗡声中，蝙蝠通过发出高达220倍s（-1）的声音来提高信息更新率。这种嗡嗡声在鹰蝠和拖网蝙蝠中无处不在，这意味着它对狩猎成功的重要性。超快的肌肉，以前在哺乳动物中是未知的，负责极端的发声速度。有些蝙蝠会产生第二阶段的嗡嗡声II，这是由它们叫声的基频（F-0）大幅下降所定义的。通过这样做，蝙蝠扩大了它们的声音视野，从而减少了昆虫逃跑的可能性。我们的情况下，嗡嗡声是一个关键的适应捕捉夜间飞行的昆虫，并建议下降F-0在嗡嗡声II需要新的，身份不明的喉部机制，以抵消增加肌肉紧张。此外，我们建议，嗡嗡声II代表了一种对策，对逃避飞行的耳朵猎物的进化军备竞赛，看到独立的进化蝙蝠探测耳朵在不同群体的夜间飞行的昆虫。
Since the discovery of echolocation in bats, the final phase of an attack on a flying insect, the 'terminal buzz', has proved enigmatic. During the buzz, bats increase information update rates by producing vocalizations up to 220 times s(-1). The buzz's ubiquity in hawking and trawling bats implies its importance for hunting success. Superfast muscles, previously unknown in mammals, are responsible for the extreme vocalization rate. Some bats produce a second phase-buzz II-defined by a large drop in the fundamental frequency (F-0) of their calls. By doing so, bats broaden their acoustic field of view and should thereby reduce the likelihood of insect escape. We make the case that the buzz was a critical adaptation for capturing night-flying insects, and suggest that the drop in F-0 during buzz II requires novel, unidentified laryngeal mechanisms in order to counteract increasing muscle tension. Furthermore, we propose that buzz II represents a countermeasure against the evasive flight of eared prey in the evolutionary arms-race that saw the independent evolution of bat-detecting ears in various groups of night-flying insects.