The socioeconomic impact of hearing loss in U.S. adults.
The socioeconomic impact of hearing loss in U.S. adults.
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DOI：
10.1097/mao.0000000000000562
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Francis HW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emmett SD;Francis HW
评估听力损失与美国成年人的教育程度、收入和失业/就业不足之间的关系。全国横断面调查。门诊检查中心。参加1999-2002年国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）听力评估和收入问卷调查的20-69岁成人（n = 3379）。纯音测听，听力损失按世界卫生组织标准定义为双侧纯音平均值>25分贝（0.5、1、2、4 kHz）。低学历，定义为没有完成高中学业;低收入，定义为家庭年收入低于20 000美元;失业或就业不足，定义为没有工作或每周工作少于35小时。与听力正常的人相比，听力损失的人有3.21倍的低教育程度（95% CI：2.20-4.68）。在控制教育、年龄、性别和种族的情况下，听力损失患者的低收入几率是听力正常者的1.58倍（95%CI：1.16-2.15），失业或就业不足的几率是听力正常者的1.98倍（95%CI：1.38-2.85）。听力损失与美国成年人的低教育程度有关。即使在控制了教育和重要的人口因素之后，听力损失也与经济困难独立相关，包括低收入和失业/就业不足。在这项具有全国代表性的研究中，听力损失的社会影响是深远的，应进一步通过纵向队列进行评估。
To evaluate the associations between hearing loss and educational attainment, income, and unemployment/underemployment in US adults. National cross-sectional survey. Ambulatory examination centers. Adults aged 20-69 years who participated in the 1999-2002 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) audiometric evaluation and income questionnaire (n = 3379). Pure tone audiometry, with hearing loss defined by World Health Organization criteria of bilateral pure tone average >25 decibels (0.5,1,2,4 kHz). Low educational attainment, defined as not completing high school; low income, defined as family income less than $20,000/year, and unemployment or underemployment, defined as not having a job or working less than 35 hours per week. Individuals with hearing loss had 3.21 times higher odds of low educational attainment (95% CI: 2.20-4.68) compared to normal-hearing individuals. Controlling for education, age, sex, and race, individuals with hearing loss had 1.58 times higher odds of low income (95% CI: 1.16-2.15) and 1.98 times higher odds of being unemployed or underemployed (95% CI: 1.38-2.85) compared to normal-hearing individuals. Hearing loss is associated with low educational attainment in US adults. Even after controlling for education and important demographic factors, hearing loss is independently associated with economic hardship, including both low income and unemployment/underemployment. The societal impact of hearing loss is profound in this nationally representative study and should be further evaluated with longitudinal cohorts.