Chinese Society: An Historical Survey
Chinese Society: An Historical Survey
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中国社会：历史考察
DOI：
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发表时间：
1957
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
K. A. Wittfogel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. A. Wittfogel
传统中国是一个农业社会，手工业和商业都有很大的发展。在这方面，中国与中世纪的欧洲以及北方和地中海西部的某些前希腊化文明相似。然而，虽然这些西方农业文明最终失去了他们的社会身份，但中国社会却延续了数千年的基本特征。中世纪的欧洲经历了一场商业和工业革命，导致了工业社会的兴起，而传统的中国从未经历过这样的变化。显然，在描述社会结构时，仅仅谈论一般的农业、手工业和贸易是不够的。我们必须考虑它们的生态和体制环境以及它们运作中所涉及的具体人际关系。
Traditional China was an agrarian society which experienced a significant development of handicraft and commerce. In this respect, China was similar to medieval Europe and to certain pre-Hellenistic civilizations of the northern and western Mediterranean. However, while these Western agrarian civilizations ultimately lost their societal identity, Chinese society perpetuated its basic features for millennia. And while medieval Europe saw a commercial and industrial revolution that led to the rise of an industrial society, traditional China never underwent such changes. Obviously, when characterizing societal structures, it is not enough to speak of agriculture, handicraft, and trade in general. We must consider their ecological and institutional setting and the specific human relations involved in their operation.