Fact retrieval in younger and older adults: the role of mental models.
Fact retrieval in younger and older adults: the role of mental models.
复制标题
年轻人和老年人的事实检索：心理模型的作用。
DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.11.2.258
复制
发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hasher,L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Radvansky,GA;Zacks,RT;Hasher,L
使用扇效应范式，三个实验测试了年轻人和老年人在检索整合和非整合事实方面是否存在差异，其中整合指的是心理模型的发展。GA Radvansky和RT Zacks（1991）的早期工作发现，只要事实可以整合到一个单一的心智模型中，年轻人的检索时间或错误率不会随着相关事实子集的增加而增加（即没有风扇效应）。目前的研究在老年人中也显示出类似的模式。相比之下，证实了我们之前关于年龄差异和扇效应的发现（LD Gerard, RT Zacks， L. Hasher, & GA Radvansky, 1991），老年人在不易整合到单一心智模型的相关事实子集上表现出夸大的扇效应，至少在他们的错误率上。
Using a fan effect paradigm, three experiments tested whether younger and older adults differ in the retrieval of integrated and nonintegrated facts, where integration refers to the development of a mental model. Earlier work by GA Radvansky and RT Zacks (1991) had found that as long as facts can be integrated into a single mental model, young adults show no increase in retrieval time or error rates as the size of the subset of related facts increases (ie, no fan effect). The present studies show a similar pattern for older adults. By contrast, and in confirmation of our previous findings on age differences and the fan effect (LD Gerard, RT Zacks, L. Hasher, & GA Radvansky, 1991), older adults show an exaggerated fan effect, at least in their error rates, on subsets of related facts not easily integrated into a single mental model.