Recruitment of an ancient branching program to suppress carpel development in maize flowers.
Recruitment of an ancient branching program to suppress carpel development in maize flowers.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2115871119
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发表时间：
2022-01-11
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bartlett M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klein H;Gallagher J;Demesa-Arevalo E;Abraham-Juárez MJ;Heeney M;Feil R;Lunn JE;Xiao Y;Chuck G;Whipple C;Jackson D;Bartlett M
花的形态非常多样。形成这种多样性的一个发育过程是生长抑制。例如，草花在花的性别上表现出极端的多样性，这是通过雄蕊或心皮的差异抑制而产生的。调节这种生长抑制的基因以及它们是如何进化的，在很大程度上仍然未知。我们发现，两个经典的发育基因与古老的角色，控制营养分枝招募抑制心皮发育玉米。我们的研究结果突出了正向遗传学的力量，揭示了不可预测的遗传相互作用和隐藏的发育基因多效性。更广泛地说，我们的研究结果说明了古老的基因功能如何在植物形态进化中被招募到新的发育环境中。玉米心皮经历程序性细胞死亡，在一半的花开始在耳朵和所有的花在雄穗。HD-ZIP I转录因子基因GRASSY TILLERS 1（GT 1）是已知调节该过程的仅有的几个基因之一。为了确定心皮抑制的其他调节因子，我们进行了gt 1增强子筛选，发现gt 1和ramosa 3（ra 3）之间存在遗传相互作用。RA 3是一个经典的花序分生组织决定基因，编码一种海藻糖-6-磷酸（T6 P）磷酸酶（TPP）。花发育解剖显示ra 3单突变体心皮部分去压抑，而gt 1; ra 3双突变体心皮完全去压抑。令人惊讶的是，gt 1抑制ra 3花序分支，揭示了gt 1分生组织决定性的作用。支持这些遗传相互作用，GT 1和RA 3蛋白共定位于心皮细胞核在发展中的花。全球表达谱揭示了共同的基因失调，在单，双突变花，以及在解阻遏的gt 1腋生分生组织。事实上，我们发现，ra 3增强gt 1营养分支，类似的海藻糖途径和GT 1同系物在真双子叶植物中的作用。这种功能的保守超过1.6亿年的进化揭示了古老的角色GT 1样基因和海藻糖途径在调节腋生分生组织抑制，后来招募介导心皮抑制。我们的发现揭示了经典玉米基因的隐藏多效性，并展示了一个古老的发育程序是如何重新部署以塑造花的形式。
Floral morphology is immensely diverse. One developmental process acting to shape this diversity is growth suppression. For example, grass flowers exhibit extreme diversity in floral sexuality, arising through differential suppression of stamens or carpels. The genes regulating this growth suppression and how they have evolved remain largely unknown. We discovered that two classic developmental genes with ancient roles in controlling vegetative branching were recruited to suppress carpel development in maize. Our results highlight the power of forward genetics to reveal unpredictable genetic interactions and hidden pleiotropy of developmental genes. More broadly, our findings illustrate how ancient gene functions are recruited to new developmental contexts in the evolution of plant form. Carpels in maize undergo programmed cell death in half of the flowers initiated in ears and in all flowers in tassels. The HD-ZIP I transcription factor gene GRASSY TILLERS1 (GT1) is one of only a few genes known to regulate this process. To identify additional regulators of carpel suppression, we performed a gt1 enhancer screen and found a genetic interaction between gt1 and ramosa3 (ra3). RA3 is a classic inflorescence meristem determinacy gene that encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP). Dissection of floral development revealed that ra3 single mutants have partially derepressed carpels, whereas gt1;ra3 double mutants have completely derepressed carpels. Surprisingly, gt1 suppresses ra3 inflorescence branching, revealing a role for gt1 in meristem determinacy. Supporting these genetic interactions, GT1 and RA3 proteins colocalize to carpel nuclei in developing flowers. Global expression profiling revealed common genes misregulated in single and double mutant flowers, as well as in derepressed gt1 axillary meristems. Indeed, we found that ra3 enhances gt1 vegetative branching, similar to the roles for the trehalose pathway and GT1 homologs in the eudicots. This functional conservation over ∼160 million years of evolution reveals ancient roles for GT1-like genes and the trehalose pathway in regulating axillary meristem suppression, later recruited to mediate carpel suppression. Our findings expose hidden pleiotropy of classic maize genes and show how an ancient developmental program was redeployed to sculpt floral form.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Doebley, J;Stec, A;Hubbard, L
通讯作者：
Hubbard, L
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Cingolani, Pablo;Platts, Adrian;Ruden, Douglas M.
通讯作者：
Ruden, Douglas M.
影响因子：
30.3
作者：
Chung, Eui-Hwan;El-Kasmi, Farid;Dangl, Jeffery L.
通讯作者：
Dangl, Jeffery L.
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Clark, Greg;Torres, Jonathan;Roux, Stanley J.
通讯作者：
Roux, Stanley J.
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Colombo, L;Marziani, G;Pè, ME
通讯作者：
Pè, ME