Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): an emerging tool for rapid, high-resolution, 3-D imaging of metazoan soft tissues.
Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): an emerging tool for rapid, high-resolution, 3-D imaging of metazoan soft tissues.
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12449
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Witmer LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gignac PM;Kley NJ;Clarke JA;Colbert MW;Morhardt AC;Cerio D;Cost IN;Cox PG;Daza JD;Early CM;Echols MS;Henkelman RM;Herdina AN;Holliday CM;Li Z;Mahlow K;Merchant S;Müller J;Orsbon CP;Paluh DJ;Thies ML;Tsai HP;Witmer LM
历史上，形态学家不得不依靠破坏性的程序来可视化动物的三维(3-D)解剖结构。然而，最近，非破坏性技术已经走到了前列。其中包括X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)，这是最常用的检查活的和化石的后生动物矿化的硬组织解剖学。当前基于CT的研究的一个相对较新的和潜在的变革性方面是使用化学试剂使X光图像中的软组织结构可见并区分开来。具体地说，碘已成为动物形态学家中使用最广泛的造影剂之一，因为它易于操作，具有成本效益，并且对主要类型的软组织具有不同的亲和力。以碘为基础的造影剂的迅速采用导致了不同的标本制备和扫描参数选择的激增，以及越来越多的成像硬件和软件偏好。在这里，我们对基于碘的对比度增强CT研究的最新贡献进行批判性的回顾，以使刚刚开始使用对比度增强的研究人员能够理解这一复杂的新的方法学图景。我们提供了最新案例研究的详细总结，评估了在标本存储、准备和成像过程的每个步骤中决定成功的因素，并对标准化技术和报告实践提出了建议。最后，我们讨论了扩散碘为基础的对比剂增强计算机断层扫描(DICECT)潜在的前沿应用，以及为促进DICECT的更广泛采用而必须克服的问题。
Morphologists have historically had to rely on destructive procedures to visualize the three‐dimensional (3‐D) anatomy of animals. More recently, however, non‐destructive techniques have come to the forefront. These include X‐ray computed tomography (CT), which has been used most commonly to examine the mineralized, hard‐tissue anatomy of living and fossil metazoans. One relatively new and potentially transformative aspect of current CT‐based research is the use of chemical agents to render visible, and differentiate between, soft‐tissue structures in X‐ray images. Specifically, iodine has emerged as one of the most widely used of these contrast agents among animal morphologists due to its ease of handling, cost effectiveness, and differential affinities for major types of soft tissues. The rapid adoption of iodine‐based contrast agents has resulted in a proliferation of distinct specimen preparations and scanning parameter choices, as well as an increasing variety of imaging hardware and software preferences. Here we provide a critical review of the recent contributions to iodine‐based, contrast‐enhanced CT research to enable researchers just beginning to employ contrast enhancement to make sense of this complex new landscape of methodologies. We provide a detailed summary of recent case studies, assess factors that govern success at each step of the specimen storage, preparation, and imaging processes, and make recommendations for standardizing both techniques and reporting practices. Finally, we discuss potential cutting‐edge applications of diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) and the issues that must still be overcome to facilitate the broader adoption of diceCT going forward.