Ethics in research involving prisoners
Ethics in research involving prisoners
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DOI：
10.1080/17449200802473107
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Pont, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pont, Joerg
上个世纪，涉及囚犯的研究屡次误入歧途，最终导致纳粹集中营内的残酷医学实验，从而催生了《纽伦堡法典》。然而，囚犯继续成为快速发展的生物医学研究行业科学剥削的受害者。这些滥用行为的共同根源是社会需求高于个人需求的错误理念，以及研究人员认为囚犯是廉价的、容易激励的、稳定的研究对象的观点。囚犯很容易受到研究的剥削和虐待，因为他们的同意自由很容易受到损害，而且囚犯中普遍存在学习障碍、文盲和语言障碍。因此，一些国家的刑法得到了一些国际商定文件的支持，完全禁止涉及囚犯的研究。然而，囚犯也必须被视为容易受到监狱中特定健康问题的影响，例如，传染病、精神障碍和自杀——需要通过涉及囚犯的研究来解决的问题。此外，应让囚犯患者参与他们可以直接受益的研究。因此，在保护囚犯免遭剥削和获得对囚犯有益的研究之间找到适当的平衡必须是一个共同目标。
Research involving prisoners repeatedly went astray during the last century, culminating in the cruel medical experiments inside the Nazi concentration camps that gave rise to the Nuremberg Code. However, prisoners continued to become victims of scientific exploitation by the rapidly evolving biomedical research industry. The common roots of these abuses were the flawed philosophy that the needs of the society outweigh the needs of the individual and the researchers' view that prisoners are cheap, easy to motivate and stable research subjects. Prisoners are vulnerable to exploitation and abuse by research because their freedom for consent can easily be undermined, and because of learning disabilities, illiteracy and language barriers prevailing within prisoner populations. Therefore, penal laws of some countries supported by a number of internationally agreed documents prohibit research involving prisoners completely. However, prisoners must also be regarded as vulnerable to the specific health problems in prisons, e.g. transmissible diseases, mental disorders and suicide - problems that need to be addressed by research involving prisoners. Additionally, the participation of prisoner patients in research they directly can benefit from should be provided. Hence, it must be a common objective to find the right balance between protection from exploitation and access to research beneficial to prisoners.