After the Cap: Risk Assessment, Citizen Science and Disaster Recovery
After the Cap: Risk Assessment, Citizen Science and Disaster Recovery
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DOI：
10.5751/es-05263-170431
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
McCormick, Sabrina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McCormick, Sabrina
我以2010年的深水地平线漏油事件为例，考察了众包如何被用作一种新的公民科学形式，提供与健康相关的暴露的实时评估。评估石油泄漏的风险，或者更广泛地说，是一项挑战，因为知识产生的情景性质导致了不同的看法和反应。在墨西哥湾沿岸英国石油泄漏事件中，这些过程至关重要，因为确定风险将对多个社会行为者以及该地区社区的健康状况和长期复原力产生影响。在漏油事件发生后的五个月内，收集了与当地社会运动组织、草根团体、漏油工人、渔民、当地居民、科学家和政府代表的定性访谈、民族志观察和视频数据。研究结果表明，众包是公民科学的一种新形式，反映了从普通地图到在线数据收集系统的过渡，该系统允许更广泛的参与和检测更广泛的影响。这项研究的结果有望帮助证明公民科学如何与风险评估过程相关，并影响灾难恢复和长期应对，并将其理论化。
I used the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill to examine how crowdsourcing is used as a new form of citizen science that provides real time assessments of health-related exposures. Assessing risks of an oil spill, or disasters more generally, is a challenge complicated by the situated nature of knowledge-generation that results in differential perceptions and responses. These processes are critical in the case of the British Petroleum spill in the Gulf Coast since the identification of risks promises to have ramifications for multiple social actors, as well as the health status and long-term resilience of communities in the area. Qualitative interviews, ethnographic observations, and video data were collected with local social movement organizations, grassroots groups, spill workers, fisherman, local residents, scientists, and government representatives within five months of the spill. Findings suggest that crowdsourcing is a new form of citizen science reflecting a transition from lay mapping to an online data gathering system that allows a broader range of participation and the detection of a broader range of impacts. Outcomes of this research promise to help demonstrate and theorize how citizen science relates to risk assessment processes and affects disaster recovery and long-term response.