VOXEL: cross-layer optimization for video streaming with imperfect transmission
VOXEL: cross-layer optimization for video streaming with imperfect transmission
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DOI：
10.1145/3485983.3494864
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发表时间：
2021-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mirko Palmer;Malte Appel;Kevin Spiteri;B. Chandrasekaran;A. Feldmann;R. Sitaraman
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作者：
Mirko Palmer;Malte Appel;Kevin Spiteri;B. Chandrasekaran;A. Feldmann;R. Sitaraman
在不太理想的网络条件下交付视频而不影响最终用户的体验质量是一个难题。实际上，所有先前的工作都遵循一种零敲碎打的方法--要么“调整”完全可靠的传输层，要么使客户端“更智能”。“我们提出了VOXEL，一个跨层的视频流优化系统。我们使用VOXEL来演示如何将联合收割机应用程序提供的“见解”与用于优化视频流的部分可靠协议相结合。为此，我们提出了一种新的ABR算法，明确权衡损失，以改善最终用户的视频观看体验。VOXEL与DASH完全兼容，并向后兼容VOXEL不感知的服务器和客户端。在我们模拟各种网络条件的实验中，VOXEL的表现优于最先进的技术：我们在第90百分位数的视频流中，再缓冲比最先进的技术少97%，而不会牺牲视觉保真度。我们还展示了VOXEL对于小缓冲区制度的好处，例如低延迟和实时流媒体的新兴用例。在对54位真实的用户的调查中，84%的参与者表示，与最先进的技术相比，他们更喜欢使用VOXEL流媒体的视频。
Delivering videos under less-than-ideal network conditions without compromising end-users' quality of experiences is a hard problem. Virtually all prior work follow a piecemeal approach---either "tweaking" the fully reliable transport layer or making the client "smarter." We propose VOXEL, a cross-layer optimization system for video streaming. We use VOXEL to demonstrate how to combine application-provided "insights" with a partially reliable protocol for optimizing video streaming. To this end, we present a novel ABR algorithm that explicitly trades off losses for improving end-users' video-watching experiences. VOXEL is fully compatible with DASH, and backward-compatible with VOXEL-unaware servers and clients. In our experiments emulating a wide range of network conditions, VOXEL outperforms the state-of-the-art: We stream videos in the 90th-percentile with up to 97% less rebuffering than the state-of-the-art without sacrificing visual fidelity. We also demonstrate the benefits of VOXEL for small-buffer regimes like the emerging use case of low-latency and live streaming. In a survey of 54 real users, 84% of the participants indicated that they prefer videos streamed using VOXEL compared to the state-of-the-art.