Storm surge and ponding explain mangrove dieback in southwest Florida following Hurricane Irma.
Storm surge and ponding explain mangrove dieback in southwest Florida following Hurricane Irma.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-021-24253-y
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发表时间：
2021-06-28
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Morton DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lagomasino D;Fatoyinbo T;Castañeda-Moya E;Cook BD;Montesano PM;Neigh CSR;Corp LA;Ott LE;Chavez S;Morton DC
红树林缓冲内陆生态系统免受飓风和风暴潮的影响。然而，它们抵御恶劣气旋条件的能力取决于植物的弹性特征和地貌。利用在飓风厄玛前后收集的机载激光雷达和卫星图像，我们估计佛罗里达西南部62%的红树林遭受了树冠破坏，其中高大森林（>10米）的影响最大。排水良好的红树林（83%）在风暴后一年内重新发芽新叶。相比之下，在排水不良的内陆地区，我们发现了有记录以来最大的红树林枯死之一（10，760公顷），由Irma引发。我们发现证据表明，低海拔（平均海拔9.4厘米），风暴潮水位（高于地面1.4米）和水文隔离的组合驱动沿海森林脆弱性，并独立于树高或风暴露。我们的研究结果表明，风暴潮和积水引起枯死，而不是风。在这些脆弱的低洼沿海地区进行潮汐恢复和水文管理，可以减少红树林的死亡率，提高抵御未来气旋的能力。红树林适应于科普热带风暴，但可能受到这些事件频率和强度增加的威胁。在这里，作者记录了佛罗里达州飓风厄玛之后有记录以来最大的红树林枯死之一，并表明风暴潮和积水而不是风作为红树林枯死机制的作用更大。
Mangroves buffer inland ecosystems from hurricane winds and storm surge. However, their ability to withstand harsh cyclone conditions depends on plant resilience traits and geomorphology. Using airborne lidar and satellite imagery collected before and after Hurricane Irma, we estimated that 62% of mangroves in southwest Florida suffered canopy damage, with largest impacts in tall forests (>10 m). Mangroves on well-drained sites (83%) resprouted new leaves within one year after the storm. By contrast, in poorly-drained inland sites, we detected one of the largest mangrove diebacks on record (10,760 ha), triggered by Irma. We found evidence that the combination of low elevation (median = 9.4 cm asl), storm surge water levels (>1.4 m above the ground surface), and hydrologic isolation drove coastal forest vulnerability and were independent of tree height or wind exposure. Our results indicated that storm surge and ponding caused dieback, not wind. Tidal restoration and hydrologic management in these vulnerable, low-lying coastal areas can reduce mangrove mortality and improve resilience to future cyclones. Mangroves are adapted to cope with tropical storms, but might be threatened by rising frequency and intensity of these events. Here the authors document one of the largest mangrove diebacks on record following Hurricane Irma in Florida, and show a greater role of storm surge and ponding rather than wind as a mechanism for mangrove dieback.
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