FASH and MASH: female and male adult human phantoms based on polygon mesh surfaces: I. Development of the anatomy
FASH and MASH: female and male adult human phantoms based on polygon mesh surfaces: I. Development of the anatomy
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/55/1/009
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发表时间：
2010-01-07
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Khoury, H. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassola, V. F.;de Melo Lima, V. J.;Khoury, H. J.
在计算模型中，基于计算机断层扫描（CT）、核磁共振（NMR）或患者、志愿者或尸体的彩色摄影图像的体素幻影近年来变得流行。虽然真实的自然表示扫描的个人，体素幻影有局限性，特别是当壁器官必须分割或当体积的器官或身体组织，如脂肪，必须改变。此外，患者或志愿者的扫描通常是在仰卧位进行的，这会导致内脏器官向胸腔移动、肺部压缩和矢状直径减小，特别是在腹部区域，与直立位的人的常规解剖结构相比，这又会影响器官和组织吸收或等效剂量估计。这项研究适用于最近开发的工具，在计算机图形学和动画电影领域的3D人体器官，组织，骨骼和身体的多边形网格表面的基础上创建和建模。女性和男性成年人体模，称为FASH（女性成年人meSH）和MASH（男性成年人meSH），已经使用诸如MakeHuman、Blender、Binvox和ImageJ的软件基于解剖学图谱设计，同时观察国际放射防护委员会在第89号报告中推荐的男性和女性参考成年人的器官质量。在FASH和MASH体模中模拟了113个器官、骨骼和组织，代表成年人站立姿势的位置。体素化版本的大多数器官和组织肿块与ICRP 89的相应数据在2.6%的范围内一致。与基于补片的男性RPI_AM和女性RPI_AF体模的比较显示了所用材料、应用的软件和概念以及创建的解剖结构方面的差异。
Among computational models, voxel phantoms based on computer tomographic (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or colour photographic images of patients, volunteers or cadavers have become popular in recent years. Although being true to nature representations of scanned individuals, voxel phantoms have limitations, especially when walled organs have to be segmented or when volumes of organs or body tissues, like adipose, have to be changed. Additionally, the scanning of patients or volunteers is usually made in supine position, which causes a shift of internal organs towards the ribcage, a compression of the lungs and a reduction of the sagittal diameter especially in the abdominal region compared to the regular anatomy of a person in the upright position, which in turn can influence organ and tissue absorbed or equivalent dose estimates. This study applies tools developed recently in the areas of computer graphics and animated films to the creation and modelling of 3D human organs, tissues, skeletons and bodies based on polygon mesh surfaces. Female and male adult human phantoms, called FASH (Female Adult meSH) and MASH (Male Adult meSH), have been designed using software, such as MakeHuman, Blender, Binvox and ImageJ, based on anatomical atlases, observing at the same time organ masses recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection for the male and female reference adult in report no 89. 113 organs, bones and tissues have been modelled in the FASH and the MASH phantoms representing locations for adults in standing posture. Most organ and tissue masses of the voxelized versions agree with corresponding data from ICRP89 within a margin of 2.6%. Comparison with the mesh-based male RPI_AM and female RPI_AF phantoms shows differences with respect to the material used, to the software and concepts applied, and to the anatomies created.